中国南极维多利亚地新站气象特征分析

中国南极新站选择在维多利亚地特拉诺瓦湾难言岛上进行建设,其气象环境状况是开展科学研究的基础工作,也是考察队员生命安全保障的基础资料。因此,通过2013年度难言岛气象站的观测资料,结合附近地区历史气象资料,对该区域气象要素特征进行了分析。结果表明:(1)由于地处罗斯海与东南极冰盖交界处,难言岛年均气压为987.8 h Pa,与中山站非常接近;(2)年均温为-16.1℃,最低气温为-39.3℃,且冬季气温波动较大,标准差可达±6.0℃;(3)年均相对湿度为42.1%,年均比湿为0.6 g·kg-1且冬季比湿极低,空气非常干燥,降水量非常低;(4)盛行风向为WNW,5—7级风出现频率超过50%,但夏季风速明显低于冬季风速,一般不超过8.0 m·s~(-1),有利于中国在夏季开展工程建设和补给;(5)难言岛年总辐射量为3 342.8 MJ·m~(-2),明显低于中山站,但两站反照率非常接近。

METEOROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF INEXPRESSIBLE ISLAND,ANTARCTICA

In 2012/13 austral summer, the Chinese National Antarctica Research Expedition deployed an automatic weather station (AWS), to collect information regarding meteorological characteristics in Inexpressible Island for the candidate of new station. Parameters such as Air pressure, air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and direction, solar radiation have been recorded for the past whole year. Based on these data and the historical data collected by United State and Italy, we evaluated the climate condition to provide basic environment for the other researches, which is also important for the safety of the future field explorers. The result shows that: (1) the annual mean air pressure in Inexpressible Island is 987.8 hPa, very close with in Zhongshan Station; (2) annual mean air temperature is -16.1 and the lowest air temperature is 39.3; (3) annual mean relative humidity is 42.1%, which implies low precipitation here; (4) the prevalent wind is coming from WNW and the wind speed is greater than 8 m s-1 during most of the year; however, the wind usually becomes weak during summer time and this is very beneficial for the supplement by Icebreakers; (5) the global radiation at Inexpressible Island (3342.8 MJ m-2) is obviously less than Zhongshan station, but there albedo is quite close with each other.