《关于建立CCAMLR海洋保护区的总体框架》有关问题分析

经过数年准备,南极海洋生物资源养护委员会(以下简称"CCAMLR")在未经系统论证,许多关键的科学和法律问题仍然模糊不清,甚至存在争议的情况下,通过了《关于建立CCAMLR海洋保护区的总体框架》(以下简称"《总体框架》"),期望以此为有关南极海洋保护区建设的讨论提供一个框架。《总体框架》通过的时间相对仓促,加上政治因素的介入,导致海洋保护区建设在法律架构、科学基础和管理、监测、评估等方面存在一系列问题,使得成员国在关于设立海洋保护区的具体讨论中面临大量分歧。在这个问题上,CCAMLR的当务之急是充分尊重《南极海洋生物资源养护公约》(以下简称"《公约》")及CCAMLR现有养护制度和实践,以科学为基础和核心,创造公平、透明的条件和氛围,从法律、科学和技术问题着手,理顺海洋保护区建设的总体制度,为成员国围绕南极海洋保护区的磋商提供切实可行的基础。

ANALYSIS ON THE PROBLEMS WITH THE “GENERAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF CCAMLR MARINE PROTECTED AREAS”

After years of preparation, the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) adopted a General Framework for the Establishment of CCAMLR Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) with the aim to provide a legal framework for the deliberation by members on the establishment of MPAs in the Convention Area in the absence of identification of conservation needs and systematic argumentation from the aspect of science, leaving behind the ambiguity with and even disputes over many critical scientific and legal issues. Due to the limited time for consideration and the intervention of political elements, such a General Framework was adopted with problems in its legal structure, scientific basis and management, monitoring, review process and many other aspects, which lead to a series of divergent ideas and views in the discussions over the specific proposals on the establishment of MPAs. Therefore, the urgent priority for CCAMLR should be creating a fair and transparent condition and atmosphere to facilitate the optimization of the regime on the establishment of MPAs from legal, science and technical respect, with due respect to the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (the Convention) and the current legal regime and practice, and on the basis of scientific consensus, thus to provide members with a viable foundation for the MPAs deliberations.