北极航道相关海域科学考察研究进展

我国从1999年开始已实施了四次北极科学考察，对白令海、楚科奇海、波弗特海、加拿大海盆和马卡若夫海盆进行了广泛的考察。全球变化导致的北冰洋夏季海冰覆盖面积不断减少，导致冰期以来北极东北航道和西北航道的首次同时开通。北极航道集中在陆架海域，不仅是海冰变化最为显著的海域，同时也是陆地－北冰洋相互作用最为显著的区域，对北冰洋区域气候、生态系统和生物多样性、以及经济和当地土著居民生活等具有重大影响。本文对北极航道关键海域近年来国际相关科学考察进行了总结，对科学考察背后的各国北极策略进行分析，并从科学需求的角度对我国在今后北极科学考察中针对北极航道相关海域应开展的科学考察与研究提出了相关建议。

THE PROGRESS OF EXPEDITIONS AND RESEARCH IN THE SEAS RELATED TO THE ARCTIC PASSAGES

Since 1999,China has undertaken four Arctic expeditions to the Bering Sea,the Chukchi Sea,the Beaufort Sea,the Canade Basin and the Makarov Basin.Global climate change has caused a decline in sea ice coverage in the Arctic Ocean in summer,leading to the opening of the Northeast and Northwest Passages.The Arctic shelf seas,where the passages are located,are not only the ares with the most significant sea ice changes,but are also the areas with the most significant land-ocean interactions.Sea ics changes have significant impact on the Arctic regional climate,ecosystems and biodiversity,and the local economy and indigenous people.This study summarizes the scientific investigations in the main area of the Arctic passages in recent years and provides comments on future Chinese Arctic cruises in the passage area form the viewpoint of scientific research.