从北极国家的北极政策剖析北极科技发展趋势

由于气候变化影响、地区经济潜力、以及地缘政治意义，北极迅速成为北极各国乃至北半球国家关注的焦点。自2006年底以来，挪威、俄罗斯、美国、加拿大、芬兰、冰岛、瑞典和丹麦等北极八国陆续推出了新的北极政策。各国在阐述北极主权、资源利用、生态环境保护、社会经济发展和原住民权利的同时，强调了科学研究和科技发展在当地生态环境保护和经济可持续发展中的重要作用，并对科研优先领域进行了不同程度的阐述，以引导各国的北极科技发展并服务于自身的北极权益。本文依据北极各国新近发布的北极政策，综合分析北极科技发展重点和趋势，同时结合我国已有的北极考察和合作基础，提出了我国的北极科技发展建议。

THE DEVELOPING TENDENCY OF ACTIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY BASED ON THE ARCTIC POLICIES OF ARCTIC NATIONS

Due to the impact of climate change, vast economic potential, as well as change of geopolitical significance, the Arctic region is rapidly becoming the focus of attention of the Arctic nations and even the nations in the northern hemisphere. Since the end of 2006, Norway, Russia, the United States, Canada, Finland, Iceland, Sweden and Denmark, Arctic eight countries launched their Arctic new policies and strategy. They elaborated on Arctic sovereignty, resource usage, environmental protection, socio-economic development and indigenous rights, etc. At the same time, they emphasized the significant role of the scientific research and technological development in the local ecological and environmental protection, and sustainable economic development. The research priority areas were clarified to guide countries in Arctic science and technology development and service interests in the Arctic. Based on the new Arctic policies and strategy in the Arctic countries, analysis of Arctic science and technology development priorities and trends were carried out in the text. Combined with Chinese existing Arctic scientific researches and cooperation basis, China's Arctic science and technology development priorities and proposals for cooperation were also suggested in the text.