1996—2015年纽约湾区生态系统服务对景观格局变化的响应

生态系统服务价值对景观格局演变的响应研究已成为地理学、生态学等领域的研究热点。以纽约湾区为研究区，利用1996—2015年土地覆被数据和数字高程数据，采用生态系统服务价值当量估算法、景观格局指数、空间自相关分析等方法，分析1996—2015年湾区景观格局的时空演变规律，定量评估研究区生态系统服务价值，探讨纽约湾区生态系统服务价值对景观格局变化的响应。结果表明：①纽约湾区景观以林地和建设用地为主，其整体变化幅度较小，20年间湿地面积减少约10.94%，而建设用地增长幅度较高，约25.91%。②纽约湾区1996—2015年间ESV总量呈逐步减少，20年间共减少57.83亿元，2000—2005年间下降幅度较大约1.69%。③湾区ESV空间异质性较强，不同地区ESV增减所对应的土地利用转移各有差异。湾区南部热点区多出现湿地增加，而北部则以水域、草地增加为主。湾区西部冷点区多为湿地转林地的现象，而中部冷点区则以建设用地增加为主。④除建设用地外，湾区其余地类均呈现人为干预越少，景观结合度、聚集度越高，越有利于提升湾区整体的生态系统服务价值的规律。⑤纽约湾区ESV强度与土地利用程度（La）的空间关联性较弱，且湾区生态环境质量逐年下降。研究结果希望对世界级大湾区环境资源利用率的提升研究具有借鉴意义。

Response of ecosystem services to landscape pattern changes in the New York Bay Area from 1996 to 2015

The response of ecosystem service values to the evolution of landscape pattern has become a hot topic in the fields of geography and ecology. Based on the digital elevation data and land cover data in the New York Bay Area from 1996 to 2015, this paper analyzed the temporal and spatial evolution law of the bay area landscape pattern from 1996 to 2015, quantitatively evaluated the ecosystem service value of the bay area, and discussed the response of ecosystem service values to landscape pattern change by using the methods of ecosystem service value equivalent estimation, landscape pattern index and spatial autocorrelation analysis.The results show that: ① The landscape of the New York Bay area is dominated by forest and construction, and its overall change is relatively weak. The wetland area decreased by approximately 10.94% in 20 years, and the construction land increased by approximately 25.91%.② From 1996 to 2015, the ESV in the New York Bay area decreased gradually, with a total decrease of 5.783 billion yuan in 20 years, and a rapid decrease of about 1.69% between 2000 and 2005.③ The spatial heterogeneity of ESV in the Bay Area is strong, and the land-use transfer corresponding to the increase and decrease of ESV in different regions varies. The hotspots in the southern part of the Bay Area tend to increase in wetlands, while the northern part is dominated by waters and grasslands. The cold spot areas in the west of the Bay Area are mostly wetland to forest, while the central cold spot areas are dominated by increased construction.④ Except for the construction land, the less human intervention, the higher landscape integration and aggregation, the more conducive to enhance the overall ecosystem service value of the bay area.⑤ The spatial correlation between ESV intensity and land use (LA) is weak, and the eco-environmental quality of New York Bay area is declining year by year. The results of the study are expected to be of reference to the study of improving the utilization of environmental resources in the world-class Greater Bay Area.