历史上德国地缘战略剖析

受到历史、地理和地缘政治等因素的影响，德国的国家发展轨迹迥异于欧洲其他国家。1871年德国才建立真正意义上的民族国家，其民族国家的构建过程复杂而波折，演进历程又始终伴随着对“到底什么是德国？而德国又在哪里？”的讨论与思考。在国家发展进程中，德国先后采取了多种地缘战略，不同的地缘战略选择又直接影响着国家战略和民族命运，或迅速崛起，或迅速衰落。本文以历史上德国所采取的地缘战略为主线，探究不同历史时期地缘战略的产生背景、主要策略和重要影响。总结出特殊的地缘区位、落后时代的政治体制、独具特色的民族性格、良莠不齐的哲学根基和高度发达的教育科技五个因素为德国地缘战略的主要影响因素，进一步分析各因素的影响。剖析在这些地缘战略影响因素的交织作用下，德国在地缘战略的构划、制定、实施等方面形成的强烈自身特点。

Geostrategy analysis in the history of Germany

The influence of historical, geographic and geopolitical factors makes the national development track of Germany different from other European countries. Germany did not build their real sense of national state until 1871, and the process is complex and full of setbacks. Meanwhile, this evolution process was accompanied with the discussion and thinking of “What is Germany after all? And where is Germany?” from beginning to end. During the process of Germany’s national development, different geostrategies were taken in different historical periods, which has directly affected its national strategy and destiny. It also made Germany rapidly rise or decline along the way in the past. In this paper, with the analysis of the main line of Germany’s geostrategies in history, the background of different historical geostrategies, primary strategies and the significant impact will be explored and discussed. This paper addresses the five factors greatly affecting Germany’s geostrategies, which are particular geographical location, backward political system, unique national characteristics, mixed philosophy foundation, and highly developed education science and technology, and then analyses each factor’s impact. With all these complex geostrategy factors taken into consideration, a unique characteristic to Germany in planning, formulating, and implementing of geostrategy will be revealed.