国际贸易中的隐含碳排放研究综述

通过总结最近国际上关于贸易隐含碳排放的研究进展,指出国际贸易对国家及全球的温室气体排放具有重要的影响。传统的基于领土范围的CO2排放统计方法极易歪曲一国CO2排放的真实情况,不仅会引起发达国家对发展中国家＂碳泄漏＂现象的发生,也会间接地导致全球CO2排放的增加。作为发展中国家的中国,由于对外贸易的快速发展及较高的能耗水平,事实上为国外,尤其为发达国家排放了数量巨大的CO2。中国不是其碳排放的唯一责任方。在未来的气候变化谈判中,国际贸易对国家及全球CO2排放的影响应被高度重视;发达国家应该在减少温室气体排放方面继续承担主导作用,同时也应该加大对发展中国家的先进生产技术的转让和财政支持;中国等发展中国家除了提高自身的生产效率和能源利用效率外,还应加强对贸易中隐含碳排放的研究,以可靠有利的数据为国家争取更大的发展空间。

Advances on Carbon Emissions Embodied in International Trade

Based on the analysis of the relationship between trade and natural resources utilization and environment,this paper summarizes the recent advances in carbon emissions embodied in international trade and points out that international trade has an important effect on national and global greenhouse gas emissions.The traditional method to account the CO2 emissions based on territory would badly distort the true situation of CO2 emissions of an economy,which not only cause the occurrence of ‘carbon leakage’ from developed countries to developing countries,but also may indirectly increase the global CO2 emissions.As a developing country,China has generated significant CO2 emissions to produce the exported goods and services for abroad,due to the relative high energy consumption level and the rapid development foreign trade.China is not the only responsible party for its increase of carbon emissions.Foreign consumers,especially the consumers of developed countries,should also have responsibilities for the growth of Chinese greenhouse gas emissions.In the next negotiation on climate change,when accounting CO2 emissions of an economy,it is necessary to transfer the perspective from production to consumption and give attention to the effects that the international trade have on national and global CO2 emissions.The developed countries should continue to take main responsibility in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and strengthen the transfer of advanced production technology and financial support for developing countries.The developing countries,such as China etc.,should strengthen the researches of carbon emissions embodiment in their international trade,except for improving themselves production efficient and energy use efficient,to provide accurate and favorable data for trying to obtain much larger development space.