都市圈旅游系统组织结构、演化动力及发展特征

都市圈旅游是区域经济发展的重要内容,也是旅游地理学研究的重要领域。目前对都市圈旅游系统的形成要素和演化特征等方面研究尚不清晰,限制了该领域研究的深入。本文采用文献分析法,基于概念界定、组织构成、演化动力与机制、作用过程与特征的分析思路,系统研究都市圈旅游系统的发展特征。结果显示：都市圈旅游系统是在特定地理单元内,以区域城镇体系、生态空间为物质基础,由一个或多个中心城市为集聚中心,以多类型旅游吸引物、区域旅游目的地、一体化旅游设施、网络化旅游媒介和旅游交通体系共同组成的开放性、动态性、整体性的旅游地域综合体,具有文化同源性、规模层次性、产业关联性、空间圈层性等特征。经济全球化、信息化、交通条件改善等外部因素演化促进了都市圈旅游的形成与发展,旅游需求、旅游产业集聚、重大事件、区域旅游品牌营销以及政府旅游合作构成的地理邻近结构力、产业链辐射力、行政协调力和文化结构力四种力量推动了都市圈旅游系统的空间演化,形成了极化吸引、空间对流、平衡优化三个发展阶段,相应地呈现出单中心扩张、空间联动和多级网络的空间演化模式。该结论对客观地认识都市圈旅游系统及其后续深入研究具有一定参考价值。

Organizational structure,drivers of change,and development characteristics of metropolitan tourism system

Metropolitan tourism is a vital force in the development of regional economy and has become an important part of the research of tourism geography. But the formation mechanism and characteristics of change of metropolitan tourism system has yet to be well studied, which limits the depth of study on metropolitan tourism. Based on a literature review, this article examines the definition, organization, and drivers, mechanism, and processes of change of these systems. The conclusions are as follows: (1) Metropolitan tourism system is an open, dynamic, and holistic tourism region complex consists of attractions, destinations, facilities, media, transportation, as well as one or several agglomeration center cities within a particular geographic unit based on the material basis of regional urban system and ecological space. Such system has the characteristics of homogenous cultural origin, clear scale hierarchy, strong industrial connection, and zonal spatial differentiation.(2) Many external factors such as economic globalization, information technology, and traffic development have promoted the formation and development of metropolitan tourism. Meanwhile, tourism demand, tourism industry agglomeration, major events, regional tourism brand marketing, and government tourism cooperation have together promoted the formation and optimization of metropolitan tourism systems. Geographical proximity and attraction, impact of industrial production chain, administrative coordination, and cultural structure jointly promoted the spatial evolution of metropolitan tourism system , formed the polarization attract, convection, and balanced optimization development stages, and presented space development models of single center expansion, spatial linkage, and multistage network accordingly. The conclusion is of great significance for the understanding of metropolitan tourism system and subsequent research.