老年人公交活动空间特征及影响因素研究——基于日常与偶发活动的对比分析

公交出行对保障老年人生活质量具有重要意义。论文以安徽省芜湖市区为研究区域,从频率分异的视角出发研究老年人公交活动空间,利用公交刷卡数据,对比分析日常与偶发活动空间的分布特征,并进一步借助地理加权回归方法探讨建成环境对其影响机制的差异。研究发现：① 老年人日常和偶发公交活动空间呈现出相似的圈层式空间分布特征,但偶发活动的圈层结构层次相对更加明显;② 日常与偶发活动空间的影响机制存在差异,建成环境在不同空间的影响强度和方向存在明显不同,尤其表现在城市外围空间。研究结果有助于更加全面地解读老年人活动空间的结构层次,并为面向不同城市空间、不同类型设施的系统性规划建设提供参考。

Characteristics of elderly activity space by public transport and influencing factors:Based on the comparative analysis of daily and occasional activities

Public transport is of great significance for maintaining the quality of life of the elderly population. Based on frequency differentiation, this study took the urban area of Wuhu City as the research area and used the Thiessen polygon of bus stations as the spatial unit and smart card data of four months in 2018 to analyze the activity space of the elderly. Based on the identification of the locations of elderly bus card swiping, this study calculated the residential area of the elderly and the bus activity points of different activity frequencies and used the standard deviation ellipse to represent the activity space, and selected the radius and direction as the measurement indicators.The global linear regression analysis model was used to compare and analyze the difference in the impact of the built environment on daily and occasional activity spaces. Furthermore, the geographically weighted regression model was used to analyze the spatial heterogeneity of the impact of built environment factors. The main findings of the study are as follows: 1) The daily and occasional public transport activities of the elderly present similiar typical zonal distribution characteristics, but the specific zonal hierarchical structure and coverage are different. Occasional activities have a more obvious attenuation level from the city center to the periphery, while daily activities are relatively even. 2) There are differences in the mechanism of influence of daily and occasional activity spaces, and the intensity and direction of influence of the built environment in different spaces are clearly different, especially in the outer parts of the city. More factors in the built environment affect daily activities, the intensities of influence are relatively homogeneous; there are clear differences in the coefficient level of the influencing factors of occasional activities. The research results show that in the planning of the layout of urban public transport and public service facilities, it is necessary to consider the regular daily activities of the elderly to meet their high-frequency and basic life needs, as well as their occasional and low-intensity activity requirements. Establishing a structured and heterogeneous public service facility layout system for different spaces in the city can solve the problems of existing public transportation and public service facilities that do not consider the needs of the elderly, which can help provide improved urban services for the elderly.