特色保护类村域农村居民点空间重构探析

快速城镇化进程中中国乡村聚落空间面临剧烈分化和重组,农村居民点空间重构有利于乡村转型发展。论文基于系统理论,梳理了特色村落农村居民点空间系统形成机制,提出“遵循有序性—延续精神性—落脚物质性”的重构框架,并以贵州省江口县坝梅村为例,选用规模指数、基因分析及空间分析等方法解译了村域居民点系统内、外部特征,提出重构模式。研究表明：① 行为主体、文化基因及民居建筑构成坝梅村居民点内部系统,并分别呈“多元主体行为诱发空间变化、文化基因丰富但延续较差、用地结构与功能多样化”的特征;② 坝梅村居民点系统外部特征体现在外部环境对居民点起约束和导向作用,表现为距离点状、线状基础设施及河流越近,村域居民点数量、规模越大;③ 基于特征认知和重构框架,按照“分区—分类”方法,划分了核心区、重点区、提升区和保育区4种治理区以及完好型、受损型、缺失型、失真型4类民居提升类型,并提出了自组织和他组织2种模式下的居民点空间重构策略,为推动特色村落空间治理与转型提供参考。

Spatial restructuring of rural residential land in characteristic protection villages

In the process of rapid urbanization, rural settlement space in China is undergoing drastic differentiation and reorganization, and the spatial optimizing and restructuring of rural residential land is conducive to rural transition and development. Based on the theory of system science, this study analyzed the spatial system formation mechanism of rural settlements in characteristic villages, put forward the restructuring framework of "orderly development, focusing on cultural heritage, and based on material conditions". Taking Bamei Village of Jiangkou County, Guizhou Province as an example and using the methods of scale index, gene analysis, and spatial analysis, the internal and external characteristics of the rural settlement system at the village level was identified, and the restructuring modes were proposed. The study found that: 1) The agents of action, cultural genes, and residential buildings constitute the internal system of rural settlements in Bamei Village, and show the characteristics of "multiple agents of action-induced spatial changes, rich cultural genes but poor continuity, and diversified land use structure and function". 2) The external characteristics of the rural settlement system in Bamei Village are reflected in the constraining and guiding role of the external environment to settlement development, which is manifested as distance-attenuation from point or linear infrastructure sites and rivers—the shorter distance to these spatial features, the larger the number and scale of settlements in the village. 3) Based on the feature cognition and restructuring framework and the partition-classification method, this study divided the village into four zones of management including the core zone, the key zone, the promotion zone, and the conservation zone, as well as four residential upgrading types of intact, damaged, missing, and distorted, and proposed the spatial restructuring strategy of rural settlements under two organizational modes.