粤港澳大湾区科技创新人才空间分布特征及影响因素分析

科技创新人才空间分布是科研实力、技术分布、发展潜力的表征。洞悉科技创新人才分布规律,从而科学制定人才战略,为科技创新驱动高质量发展和人才高地建设提供决策参考。论文通过粤港澳大湾区11个城市“十一五”至“十三五”期间科技创新人才的规模、密度、聚集指数、空间自相关性刻画其空间分布特征,结果如下：① 从“十一五”到“十三五”,粤港澳大湾区科技创新人才规模发展迅速,从约43万人增长到114万余人,但空间分布不均衡。② 深圳科技创新人才密度居粤港澳大湾区11个城市之首,单位人口人才密度约是最小值的7倍,单位面积人才密度约是最小值的190倍;江门、肇庆等地科技创新人才密度相对较低,低于大湾区平均水平。③ 深圳、东莞、广州有相对较强的科技创新人才聚集能力,而惠州、江门、肇庆聚集能力相对为弱。“十三五”期间,深圳、东莞、香港、珠海的聚集能力增强,澳门、中山、广州、佛山科技创新人才集聚能力有所下降。④ 粤港澳大湾区各城市科技创新人才分布特征与空间位置的关联性不强,大湾区人才高地建设各城市未有效联动形成合力。⑤ 城市生活基础保障的提升、科技创新发展环境氛围的营造和科技投入力度的增大会对粤港澳大湾区科技创新人才工作产生显著的正向影响,从而影响科技创新人才的分布特征。因此,结合国内外先进的理念做法,提出优化粤港澳大湾区科技创新人才分布格局,建设粤港澳大湾区科技创新人才高地的对策建议。

Spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of scientific and technological innovation talents in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Great Bay Area

The spatial distribution of scientific and technological innovation talents (STIT) reflects the scientific research strength, technology distribution, and development potential. It is important to examine the distribution patterns of STIT, in order to formulate talent development strategy, provide decision-making references for innovation to drive high-quality development, and construct talent hub. In this study, the spatial scale, density, agglomeration index, and spatial autocorrelation of STIT of 11 cities in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Great Bay Area (GBA) from 2010 to 2020 were analyzed. The results are as follows: 1) From the 11th Five-Year Plan to the 13th Five-Year Plan of China, the scale of STIT in the GBA had developed rapidly, from about 430 thousand to more than 1.14 million, while the spatial distribution was uneven. 2) The density of STIT in Shenzhen City ranked first among the 11 cities in the GBA. The talent density per unit population of Shenzhen was seven times as much as the minimum city, while talent density per unit area of Shenzhen was 190 times as much as the minimum city. The densities of STIT in Jiangmen and Zhaoqing Cities were relatively low. 3) The attraction of Shenzhen, Dongguan, and Guangzhou Cities for STIT was strong, while that of Huizhou, Jiangmen, and Zhaoqing was weak. During the 13th Five-Year Plan period, the attraction of Shenzhen, Dongguan, Hong Kong, and Zhuhai increased, and the attraction of Macao, Zhongshan, Guangzhou, and Foshan for STIT decreased. 4) There was no significant correlation between location and the spatial distribution characteristics of STIT in the GBA cities. The cities of the GBA had not effectively linked to form a joint force to construct talent hub. 5) The basic security for city living, as well as the improvement of the environment and investment for innovation, had a significant positive impact on the work of STIT in the GBA, which affected the distribution characteristics of STIT. Therefore, considering the advanced ideas and practices, countermeasures and recommendations for optimizing the distribution of STIT and building the high-caliber talent centers of the GBA were put forward.