干旱绿洲农业区土地利用转型生态环境效应及分异机制——基于三生空间主导功能判别视角

干旱绿洲农业区生态环境脆弱，开展土地利用转型生态环境效应研究能为该区国土空间优化和农业农村可持续发展提供参考依据。论文以张掖市甘州区为例，采用转移矩阵、生态环境质量指数、移动窗口法、生态贡献率及地理探测器模型，对干旱绿洲农业区土地利用转型生态环境效应及分异机制进行研究。结果表明：① 1990—2020年生产和生活空间持续扩张、生态空间总体减少，结构从“单一农业空间增加”向“转换类型多元化”转变，功能由“生态转生产为主”向“生产与生活、生态与生产多功能相互转换”演变。② 1990—2020年土地利用转型生态环境效应总体为正，耕地面积占比较大的村镇质量指数相对较高；其他生态空间向林草水生态、农业生产空间转型的生态正效应最大，林草水生态空间向其他生态、农业生产空间转型的生态负效应最大，2010—2020年农业生产空间过度扩张挤压林草水生态空间引起的生态环境负效应正在显现。③ 人口密度、地均GDP和植被覆盖度是生态环境质量分异的关键因子，降水量、土地开发强度、耕地面积占比和地均水资源量是核心因子；因子交互作用使农业生产空间增加和林草水生态空间压缩权衡博弈产生自适应稳态机制，从而形成了总体偏低的生态环境质量格局；村镇在面对干扰冲击时的自组织、适应性和转型能力不同，导致经济发展和土地利用方式不同，进而塑造了村镇分异的生态环境质量格局。

Eco-environmental effects and spatial differentiation mechanism of land use transition in agricultural areas of arid oasis: A perspective based on the dominant function of production-living-ecological spaces

The ecological environment in arid oasis agricultural areas is fragile. The study on the eco-environmental effect of land use transformation can provide a reference for the optimization of territorial space and the sustainable development of agriculture and rural areas in these regions. Taking Ganzhou District of Zhangye City as an example, the eco-environmental effect and spatial differentiation mechanism of land use transformation in arid oasis agricultural areas were studied by using transfer matrix, eco-environmental quality index, moving window method, ecological contribution rate, and geographical detector model. The results show that: 1) From 1990 to 2020, the production and living spaces continued to expand, the ecological space decreased in general, the land use structure changed from monotonic increase of agricultural space to diversified transformation types, and the functions changed from "ecological transformation to production" to "two-way transformations between production and living, ecological, and production". 2) From 1990 to 2020, the eco-environmental effect of land use transformation was generally positive, and the quality index of villages and towns with large cultivated land area was relatively high. The transformation from other ecological space to forest, grassland, and water areas and agricultural production space has the largest positive ecological effect, and the transformation from forest, grassland and water ecological spaces to other ecological and agricultural production spaces has the largest negative ecological effect. In recent 10 years, the negative ecological effect caused by the excessive expansion of agricultural production space into the forest, grassland, and water ecological spaces is emerging. 3) Population density, per capita GDP, and vegetation coverage are the key factors for the differentiation of eco-environmental quality, while precipitation, land development intensity, proportion of cultivated land area, and per capita water resources are the core factors. The interaction of the factors leading to the trade-off game between the increase of agricultural production space and the compression of forest, grassland, and water ecological spaces produces an adaptive steady-state mechanism, thus forming an overall low eco-environmental quality pattern. The different self-organization, adaptation, and transformation abilities of villages and towns in the face of external interferences lead to different economic development and land use modes, and then shape the differentiated eco-environmental quality pattern of villages and towns.