中国城乡实体要素流动对城乡融合发展的影响机制研究

城乡要素流动贯穿城乡发展全过程，是构建城乡能否实现融合发展的核心，探究城乡实体要素流动对城乡融合发展的作用机制，能够为城乡融合发展破局提供科学指导。论文基于TOPSIS模型对全国292个城市的城乡融合发展水平进行评价，采用普通最小二乘法(OLS)和地理加权回归(GWR)模型探究城乡实体要素流动对城乡融合的影响机制。研究结果表明：① 中国城市层面的城乡融合发展水平存在较大空间分异特征，达到深度融合水平的多为经济发达城市。相较而言，东部地区的城乡融合发展最为平衡。② 全局上看，土地要素与人才要素的流动对城乡融合发展的影响最为显著，且两者驱动作用为负；局部上看，各城乡实体要素流动对城乡融合发展的影响具有明显的地域差异性。③ 土地要素流失使乡村失去了生产要素和发展空间，而人才要素无有效路径回流至乡村，使其限制了城乡融合；政府投资促进实体要素集聚并降低要素流动成本，城乡产业实现分工协作、功能互补，信息要素有效流动降低其他实体要素配置成本并提高配置效率，这益于城乡融合。

Mechanism of influence of element flow on urban-rural integrated development in China

The flow of urban and rural elements runs through the entire process of urban and rural development and is the core of achieving urban and rural integration. Exploring the mechanism of influence of urban-rural element flow on urban-rural integrated development can provide a scientific guidance for breaking the plight of urban-rural integrated development. Based on the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) model, this study evaluated the development level of urban-rural integration in 292 cities across China, and used the ordinary least squares (OLS) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) models to explore the impact mechanism of urban-rural element flow on urban-rural integration. The results show that: 1) There are large spatial differences in the level of urban-rural integrated development at the city level in China. Most of the cities that have reached the level of deep urban-rural integration are economically developed. In general, the eastern region has the most balanced urban-rural integration. 2) Overall, the flow of land elements and population elements has the most significant impact on the urban-rural integrated development, and the driving effects of the two are negative. Locally, the influence of the flow of various urban-rural elements on the urban-rural integrated development has obvious regional differences. 3) The loss of land elements of the countryside causes loss of production elements and development space in these areas, and the lost talents have no effective way to return to the countryside, which limits urban-rural integrated development. Government investment promotes the agglomeration of elements and reduces the cost of element flow, urban and rural industries achieve division of labor and complement each other in functions, and the effective flow of information elements reduces allocation costs and improves allocation efficiency of other elements, which are beneficial to urban-rural integration.