珠三角村镇建成区的空间型态：特征、类型和产业影响因素

改革开放以来,珠三角地区的工业迅速发展,村镇土地利用快速非农化,其中以东莞、中山、佛山3市最为典型。论文以3市为案例,探讨2010年来珠三角村镇建成区空间型态。研究数据主要包括广东省2015年土地利用现状数据和2009—2015年间3市的土地利用数据。首先,通过斑块密度、空间离散度、空间均匀度、平均斑块面积、分形维数、景观破碎度、缓冲区分析、Moran's I指数这8个指标,分析建设用地的空间形态特征。其次,分析工业用地与非工业建设用地、建设用地与交通道路的空间分布关系,比较并总结3市的村镇建成区空间类型。最后,基于灰色关联分析法,探讨影响空间类型的产业发展因素。研究发现,东莞村镇建设用地呈现高度破碎均匀分布型,佛山呈现团状离散型,中山介于二者之间,为中度碎化分散型;3市的产业发展能较大程度上影响其形成不同的建成区空间型态。未来,基于产业经济作为村镇建成区空间特征变化的主因,珠三角可以结合粤港澳大湾区规划建设,通过调整产业结构、布局以及交通和土地利用,优化村镇空间布局。

Spatial patterns of village and town built areas in the Pearl River Delta:A land-use perspective

During China's rural industrialization, land in villages and towns has been rapidly transformed into non-agricultural use. The Pearl River Delta in South China is the most representative of China's rural industrialization and urbanization. In the Pearl River Delta, the cities of Dongguan, Zhongshan, and Foshan are typical cases of both rural industrialization and land-use change. The dataset used in this study includes the land-use data of 2015 in Guangdong Province and the land-use data of the three cities between 2009 and 2015. This dataset provides valuable information on the post-2010 spatial structure of villages and towns in the Pearl River Delta. Based on this dataset, we examined the current (around the mid-2010s) spatial conditions of villages and towns in the Pearl River Delta. We first analyzed the spatial attributes of construction land. The analysis was based on eight indices or methods: land patch density index, spatial discrete index, spatial uniformity index, the mean of land patch area, fractal dimension index, landscape fragmentation index, buffer analysis, and Moran's I analysis. Then, we analyzed the spatial distribution relations between industrial and non-industrial land uses, and between construction land and transportation land through a statistical analysis. Finally, we discussed the industrial factors of the detected spatial pattern through the gray associative analysis. Our findings indicate a high fragmentation and even distribution pattern of village and town built-up areas in Dongguan, agglomerated and discrete pattern in Foshan, and medium level fragmentation and discreteness in Zhongshan. Diverse industrial development in the three cities had a major impact on the formation of the spatial patterns. In the future, the transformation of the spatial pattern of built-up areas in villages and towns in the Pearl River Delta must coordinate with the industrial development and the ongoing development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Great Bay Area. Approaches to facilitating the transformation include the modification of the industrial structure and an adjustment of land use and transportation across these villages and towns. This article aimed to reveal the current spatial patterns of crucial rural-to-urban transformation in a rapidly urbanizing region and to provide relevant policy recommendations. The results may contribute to our understanding of China's continuous rural urbanization and industrialization.