迁居意愿、地方依赖和社区认同——北京中关村地区居住选择调查分析

迁居行为及其意愿反映了城市居民对美好生活的向往,揭示了城市居住环境是否能够满足居民的需要。论文从迁居意愿的视角,将地方依赖和社区认同引入迁居研究中,并采用问卷调查和访谈相结合的方法来分析城市居民的居住选择。运用Williams量表,在292份调查问卷和52份深度访谈的基础上,对北京中关村地区展开了调查研究。结果表明：中关村周边社区居民对就业和子女教育具有明显的地方依赖和较高的社区认同感。在292名被调查者中,共有115名居民有迁居意愿,占被调查者总数的39.4%。其中,在就业和子女教育地方依赖程度较低的调查人群中,这一比例分别上升至47.2%和54.2%。此外,有迁居意愿的居民大多社区认同感不高,在115名有迁居意愿的居民中,仅有4人对所在社区具有强烈认同感。论文从地方感的角度丰富了居住空间的研究内容,为理解当代城市居住空间的特点、提升城市空间建设质量提供了参考依据。

Willingness to move,place dependence and community identity: An investigation of residential choice in the Zhongguancun area in Beijing

With the increasing prosperity of China's economy, it has become an important issue for urban studies and urban development to examine residents' residential choice. Zhongguancun is one of the typical areas in China that have experienced fast economic growth, urban development, and population movement. This study investigated residential mobility intentions of urban residents in relations to their place dependency and community identity with an empirical study of Zhongguanyuan, Kechun, and Zhixi communities in the Zhongguancun area by a questionnaire survey and interviews. Williams scale was employed to investigate and quantify sense of community identity and place dependency especially on education and employment with a total of 292 valid survey questionnaires and 52 in-depth interviews. The results reveal that Zhongguancun residents have high place dependence with regard to children's education and employment, as well as a strong sense of community identity. Among the 292 respondents, 115 have an intention to move, accounting for 39.4% of the total and this proportion rose to 47.2% and 57.6% in the surveyed residents with low dependence on employment and children's education, respectively. Also, most of the residents who have intention to move show a weak community identity. Of the 115 residents who have an intention to move, 97 (84.3%) have no or low sense of belongings to their communities. These results indicate that as the two important factors in residential space, place dependence (including children's education and employment) and community belongings obviously relate to the residential mobility intention and behavior, and therefore have emerged as new driving factors that shape urban space in contemporary China. They should be the focal points for planners and policymakers in urban resource distribution. This study may enrich the research content of living space from the perspective of sense of place, and provide a reference for understanding the characteristics of contemporary urban living space and improving the quality of urban development.