基于高铁流的中国城市网络结构特征演变研究

高铁的网络化发展促进了资源要素的快速流动与重新整合,对城市关系产生了显著的影响,基于高铁流逐渐成为探索城市和区域空间结构的重要视角。论文使用2014—2019年高铁客运班次数据和社会网络分析法,对中国城市网络结构特征演变进行探讨。研究结果表明：① 伴随高铁线网的不断延伸和加密,城市网络整体上由东向西拓展,网络规模扩大、密度提升;② 节点功能和地位的时序变动重塑了网络的空间格局,改变了由少数东部城市主导的网络格局,呈现出多中心、均衡化的发展趋势;③ 从关联形态看,全国尺度上的复杂网络结构取代了区域尺度上的轴带式联系形态,整体上与“八纵八横”网络相对应;④ 城市网络的关联强度逐年提升,形成了4个联系层级,城市间的关系复杂而多样。

Network structure and evolution characteristics of cities in China based on high-speed railway transport flow

In recent years, with the gradual implementation of the Medium and Long-term Railway Network Plan, China has entered the era of high-speed railway (HSR) network, and the impact of HSR on urban and regional spatial structure has become a hot topic of human geography research. In this study, the network structure and evolution characteristics of cities in China was analyzed from various aspects, including overall scale, network density, timing variation of node centrality, and network connection mode and strength, by using social network analysis and the ArcGIS visualization tool based on the HSR passenger flow data from 2014 to 2019. The results are presented as follows: 1) City network density has increased with the increase of HSR cities and their connections. Statistics show that 76.09% of the cities in China had been opened to high-speed trains by 2019, and each city can reach 66 cities by high-speed trains without transfer. 2) Changes in the status and functions of nodal cities have reshaped the spatial pattern of the network. The network pattern dominated by a few eastern cities in the past has changed, showing a trend of multi-center and balanced development. The core position of cities from the eastern part in the network has been further strengthened. At the same time, some cities in central and western China begin to play a more important role in the network connection, which is the link and bridgeof trans-regional connection. 3) In terms of spatial pattern, the city network expands from east to west as a whole, and an interlocking and complex network-like structure on the country scale has replaced the banded structureatthe regional scale, which is similar to the eight vertical and eight horizontal HSR network. High-speed railway has weakened the constraint of geographical distance on city connections, and the corridor effect has diminished. 4) During the construction period of HSR network, the correlation strength of city network was low, and the high-intensity city connection was scattered in several city clusters in the east, which was shown as an independent and closed regional system on the whole. With the formation and expansion of the HSR network, the original pattern of city connections has been consolidated, and continued to spread and divide, forming four distinct levels of connections.