数字经济时代下的中国海洋经济全要素生产率研究

数字经济时代,数据成为新的核心生产要素。为探究数据要素在海洋经济全要素生产率变动过程中的实际价值增值过程,论文基于内生增长模型的演变规律,构建了包含数据生产要素的投入—产出指标体系,并依托DDF-Luenberger指数及其分解模型,测度2006—2018年间中国沿海11个省市区(不含港澳台地区)的海洋经济全要素生产率及各项要素的生产率变动情况。研究结果表明：① 整个研究期内中国沿海各地区数据要素化水平均实现不同程度增长,但区域间数字鸿沟问题依旧不容忽视。② DDF-Luenberger指数测度结果显示,2006年以来沿海各地区海洋经济全要素生产率均实现正向变动,且阶段性特征明显。③ 单项要素绩效测度结果显示,数据要素层面：仅仅拥有数据资源只是具备了将其转化为现实生产力的潜在可能,全要素数据生产率变动依旧更多地依赖于数字技术变动;劳动要素层面：数字经济的发展对于劳动力技能的提升表现出强者愈强的“马太效应”,研究期内沿海各地区全要素劳动生产率均呈上升态势;资本要素层面：全要素资本生产率变动呈现出明显的时间及空间差异化特征;资源要素层面：沿海省市全要素资源生产率大体上实现了正向变动且阶段性特征明显。

Total factor productivity of marine economy in China in the era of digital economy

Based on the external conditions of technological progress and market demand upgrading in the process of high-quality development and the evolution of production factors, the factors of production in a digital economy are no longer limited to the traditional factors of production of labor, land, and capital. As knowledge and information, data have become the new core factor of production. However, data do not spontaneously generate economic value, and their impact on the economy does not break away from the framework of the traditional endogenous growth theory. They integrate technology flow, material flow, capital flow, and talent flow effectively, which render many factors in the traditional economic growth theory with new meanings. Therefore, it is necessary to appropriately expand the existing theoretical system. Based on the evolution of the endogenous growth model, this study constructed an input-output indicator system including data factor to measure the total factor productivity of marine economy in 11 coastal provinces of Chinese mainland (excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) and the productivity changes of each factor from 2006 to 2018 using the directional distance function (DDF)-Luenberger index and its decomposition model. The results show that: 1) The performance of data factor in all coastal areas of Chinese mainland increased to different degrees, but the digital divide between these areas during the study period still cannot be ignored. 2) The measurement results of the DDF-Luenberger index show that since 2006, the total factor productivity of marine economy in all coastal areas has increased, and the stage characteristics are obvious. 3) The results of single factor performance measurement show that: with regard to the data factor, having large amounts of data only indicate the potential to transform them into real productivity, and the change of total factor data productivity still depends more on the change of digital technology. With regard to the labor factor, the development of digital economy shows the Matthew effect in the improvement of labor skills. During the study period, the total factor labor productivity in all coastal areas showed an upward trend. With regard to the capital factor, the change of total factor capital productivity shows obvious temporal and spatial differentiation characteristics. With regard to the resource factor, in general, the total factor resource productivity of coastal provinces shows positive changes with obvious stage characteristics.