基于共生理论的中国特色保护类村庄振兴类型细分研究

特色保护类村庄是国家乡村振兴战略规划确定的4种村庄基本类型之一,但其分异明显,仍需进一步细分类型以精准施策。论文坚持问题导向和理论指引的分类思路,针对特色保护类村庄内蕴的保护与发展对立统一关系,借鉴共生理论构建其共生系统概念模型,根据系统类型及构成的差异划分村庄振兴类型,筛选出8173个国家级特色保护类村庄作为实证研究样本,初步提出一套简便实用的类型识别流程及方法,据此逐层判断样本类型并分类明确振兴模式。结果表明：① 特色保护类村庄共生系统分为外共生型、内共生型和内外共生兼具型3种,存在村庄与外部有机体共生、村庄特色资源与产业共生、村庄特色文化资源与人居环境共生以及村庄特色资源、产业与外部有机体共生等4类共生关系;② 特色保护类村庄振兴类型基于共生关系表征的异同抽象归纳为10种,样本据此细分为47个旅游目的地型、75个文旅融合型、251个农旅融合型、47个特色农业型、442个景区依托型、1463个市场拉动型、2159个交通推动型、160个历史记忆保护型、1543个民族特色保护型和1986个地域文化保护型村庄; ③ 特色保护类村庄振兴模式因类型而异,包括“优化升级、示范引领”“深度融合、增值赋能”“品牌强农、特色集聚”“借力景区、村景互补”“瞄准市场、乡城对接”“联动交通、一体共生”和“活态保护、留住乡愁”7种。

Revitalization type subdivision of Characteristic Protection Villages in China based on the symbiosis theory

Characteristic Protection Villages (CPVs) are one of the four basic types of villages identified in the national strategic plan for rural revitalization. However, further subdivision is also needed for targeted measures due to the clear differentiation of these villages. Following the problem-oriented and theory-guided classification principle and aiming at addressing the balance of protection and development in CPVs, this study drew on the symbiosis theory to build a conceptual model of symbiosis system, and subdivided the types of revitalization according to the differences in symbiosis system types and compositions. It selected 8173 national CPVs as empirical study samples to identify the sample types and clarify the revitalization models. The results show that: 1) The symbiosis system of CPVs can be divided into three types: ectosymbiosis, endosymbiosis, and both endosymbiosis and ectosymbiosis. There are four symbiotic relationships: symbiosis between a village and external entities, symbiosis between village characteristic resources and industry, symbiosis between village characteristic cultural resource and living environment, and symbiosis between village characteristic resources, industry, and external entities. 2) Based on the similarities and differences in symbiotic relationships, the CPVs were divided into 10 revitalization types with 47 tourist destinations, 75 cultural and tourism integration sites, 251 agricultural and tourism integration sites, 47 characteristic agriculture sites, 442 scenic-reliant sites, 1463 market-driven sites, 2159 transportation-driven sites, 160 historical memory protection sites, 1543 ethnic characteristic protection sites, and 1986 regional culture protection villages. 3) The revitalization model of CPVs varies and includes seven types: "optimizing and upgrading, and demonstrating and leading", "deep integration and value-added empowerment", "brand-strengthening agriculture and characteristic clustering", "leveraging scenic spots and complementing villages and scenic spots", "targeting the market and connecting villages and cities", "linking transportation and integrating symbiosis", and "village living protection and nostalgia retention".