长江三角洲区域政策变迁与跨国公司布局演变

跨国公司倾向于布局在交易成本和转形(生产)成本较小的区域.改革开放以来,中国实施的一系列区域政策减小了跨国公司的交易成本.通过对长江三角洲区域政策的梳理,分析了区域政策变迁与跨国公司布局的时空演变,发现跨国公司在长三角空间布局一直呈扩散趋势,具有和区域政策变迁同步的3 个阶段：① 初始阶段,跨国公司布局与区域政策关联较弱,集中在区域中心上海;② 集聚阶段,跨国公司在生产成本低、政策强度高的沪宁沿线城市集聚;③ 网络化阶段,跨国公司在生产成本低、政策强度高、早期集聚的区域形成区域性生产网络,并向长三角的边缘区扩散.不同阶段跨国公司布局机制存在差异,降低交易成本的区域政策的影响变得显著,区域的集聚效应、科技水平历来受到重视,而区域经济效率和劳动力成本、交通等传统要素成本对跨国公司布局的影响逐渐减弱.

Regional policy change and multinational corporations' space layout evolution in the Yangtze River Delta

Multinational corporations tend to be located in the areas where transaction and transformation (production) costs are low, and implementation of various regional policies in China effectively helps reduce the transaction costs. By collating and quantifying the regional policies in the Yangtze River Delta, this paper analyzed the correlation between regional policy change and multinational corporation space layout evolution in space and time. The results are as follows: there has been a diffusion trend in the space layout of multinational companies in the Yangtze River Delta. Regional policy change and multinational corporation space layout both had three stages simultaneously: (1) the primary stage, in which the correlation between multinational corporations' layout and regional policy is weak; multinational corporations were located mostly in the regional center city Shanghai; (2) the agglomeration stage, in which multinational corporations gathered in cities along the Shanghai-Nanjing line, where the production costs were low and they enjoyed favorable policies; (3) network stage, in which multinational corporations formed regional production networks in the areas with low production costs, favorable policies and industry clusters, and diffused to marginal zones of the Yangtze River Delta. There are differences among the stages in terms of the mechanisms of multinational corporations' layout.