黄河流域土壤侵蚀产沙模型研究进展

土壤侵蚀产沙模型是国土资源动态变化模拟、土地资源环境质量评价、制定水土保持规划措施的重要技术手段,对指导生产实践具有十分重要的意义。黄河流域尤其是黄土高原的土壤侵蚀始终是土壤侵蚀和黄河泥沙研究的热门问题,近年来,结合“数字黄河”、“模型黄土高原”建设,广大地理学、水土保持、水利工程、水文学及水资源科技工作者,围绕黄河流域的土壤侵蚀产沙问题开展了大量卓有成效的工作,配合黄河流域水土保持以及水土资源合理配置和管理,从经验模型到理论模型,不仅提出和开发了许多具有十分重要实用价值的土壤侵蚀产沙模型,而且在引进国外先进技术、先进模型方面也做了大量工作。本文从土壤侵蚀产沙模型的自主开发和现有模型的应用两个方面、经验统计模型与物理模型两个领域简要回顾了90年代中期以后国内学者在黄河流域土壤侵蚀产沙模型方面主要的研究成果,并针对在该地区进行土壤侵蚀模型方面的研究方向提出了作者一些不成熟的看法和建议。

Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Model in the Yellow River Basin: State-of-the-Art Review

Studies on soil erosion and sedimentation have been a very active field of research in geography, water and soil conservation, hydrology and water resources for many years. During the past several years, a great deal of in-depth studies on soil erosion and sedimentation models in the Yellow River basin, especially in Loess Plateau, were carried out, and many good results achieved. With the implementation of "Model Yellow River" during the past years, many soil erosion and sedimentation models including empirical model, conceptual model, and physically-based distributed model have been developed and tested in the Yellow River basin. On the other hand, with the combination of water and soil conservation, water resources allocation and management, and rational allocation and utilization of soil and water resources, some good models developed and tested in abroad countries have been introduced into and used in China recently. From two aspects including the development of new models and the application of old models developed in foreign countries, major results achieved in China from the middle of the 1990s in the field of soil erosion and sedimentation modeling have been reviewed in this paper. Some recommendation and suggestions are given for the future study of soil erosion and sedimentation modeling in the study area. As several of the preliminary conclusions obtained in this study, the field experiment measurement is necessary for any kind of theoretical or empirical models. The application of geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing techniques will greatly improve the performance of any soil erosion and sedimentation model. The development and application of physically-based distributed model will be one of the best choices in the field of research in the future.