天然林资源保护一期工程生态成效评估——以甘肃小陇山地区为例

天然林资源保护工程是在中国广泛开展的一项重要生态建设工程。本文在构建生态多元评估指标体系的基础上,评估工程实施的生态成效,对于其进一步决策与管理具有重要的科学意义。通过遥感、生态系统质量等多源数据融合,采用生态系统宏观格局、生态系统质量、生态系统服务等方面指标的现状和时空变化特征,评估小陇山地区天然林保护一期工程(2000-2010年)实施成效。结果表明：①工程实施后,小陇山地区落叶阔叶林、落叶阔叶灌木林、草地等生态系统类型的面积大幅度增加,生态系统宏观状况转好,其中黄河流域生态系统宏观状况转好趋势明显好于长江流域。②研究区叶面积指数(LAI)和最大植被覆盖度(FC)在2000-2010年期间的多年变化斜率分别为0.022和0.510,生态系统质量上升趋势明显。其中黄河流域改善程度高于长江流域。③2010年研究区固碳量为700.20 t/hm²,相比工程初期的2000年增加了4.69%;工程实施之后的10年间,研究区水源涵养量呈增长趋势,土壤保持量亦呈增长趋势;就流域而言,黄河流域的生态系统服务的提升程度均更为明显。

Assessment of the ecological effects of the first-phase natural forest protection project in the Xiaolongshan region,Gansu Province

The natural forest protection project (NFPP) is one of the most widely implemented ecological construction projects in China. By establish multiple ecological indicators, this study try to evaluate its ecological effect, which has important scientific value for the future decision. This study used remote sensing and ecosystem quality data and related indicators to assess the characteristics of change of macro ecological pattern, ecosystem quality, and ecosystem services in the Xiaolongshan region, Gansu Province during the NFPP from 2000-2010. The results show that: (1) After the implementation of the NFPP, broadleaved deciduous forest, broadleaved deciduous shrub, and grassland areas increased substantially, and the ecosystem quality in general clearly improved. The improvement was greater in the Yellow River basin as compared to the Yangtze River basin. (2) The average values of the ecosystem quality indicators of LAI and FC was 0.022 and 0.510 during 2000-2010, with an increasing trend. (3) In 2010, the carbon storage value was 700.20 t/hm², increased by 4.69% during the first-phase of the NFPP. The slope value of water conservation was 0.08, with an increasing trend as well. The slope value of soil conservation was 1.68, also with an increasing trend.