对生态系统服务研究的几点新认识

生态系统服务的研究因能更好地体现人与自然的相互作用关系而成为生态学研究热点之一。为了更准确的把握生态系统服务的未来工作重点，本文首先按照研究的时间和内容，依据代表性文章和大型国际研究计划，把生态系统服务的研究进展分为三个阶段，并指出了不同阶段的研究重点：{1}以基础理论研究为主的初步发展阶段；{2}以生态系统服务价值评估等实证研究为主的发展阶段；{3}以生态系统服务评估应用为主的蓬勃发展和自我完善阶段。其次，作者总结了目前研究过程中存在的亟待解决的若干问题，主要包括：对相关概念的正确理解和使用，对评价指标、评价尺度的选择，以及评价过程中的经济学问题、评价标准统一化问题等。最后，根据生态系统服务研究发展阶段以及当前实践工作中存在的问题，提出了生态系统服务研究的工作重点为：{1}引入模型，加强模拟研究；{2}确立统一评价标准，加强对比研究；{3}人类行为—生态系统服务—人类福利三者相互作用研究；(4)典型区的生态系统服务评价研究等。

New Cognitions on the Researche of Ecosystem Services

Ecosystem services should be paid more attention for it can evaluate the tradeoffs between human and nature in a better way. In this paper, firstly, based on time and some typical papers, projects etc, the researching process on ecosystem services are classified into three phases for the first time:(1)primary phase, which mainly focused on basic theory; (2)developing phase which mainly focused on ecosystem services valuation and methods; and (3)highly developing phase which mainly focused on ecosystem services application. Secondly, major problems in current research are pointed out, including: using some concepts correctly, choosing directors and scale correctly, some economic problems and the unification of every kind of valuation. Finally, the in-depth studies are suggested to be focused on: (1)intensifying simulation by models; (2)contrasting researches based on unification;(3)tradeoffs between human activity-ecosystem services-human wellbeing; and (4)values of different ecosystem services.