旅游对目的地社会文化影响的研究进展

旅游发展使旅游目的地社会生活的各个方面都发生了变化， 这个问题从20 世纪60 年代 开始就引起了国外学者的关注， 并作为热点问题持续至今。本文结合人类学家的部分研究成果， 从国内外相关研究的成果数量、研究内容和研究方法入手， 系统总结了当前国内外关于旅游对目 的地社会文化影响研究在理论、观点、方法、实践、模型等方面取得的最新进展， 指出了当前该领 域研究中的薄弱环节和我国学者在研究中出现的主要问题： 实证研究较多， 理论总结少； 定性方 法多， 定量测算少； 研究观点的片面性； 研究指标各异， 可比性不强。从长远的角度看， 研究成果和 实际发展管理的紧密结合、研究技术的突破和理论体系的确立、多学科融合综合研究将成为这个 领域的主要发展方向。

Progr ess and Prospect of study on Socio-cultur e Impact of Tour ism on Destination Ar ea

The substantial growth in tourism during the past few decades and projected growth in future decades have been widely documented. The tourist destination changed greatly with the development of tourism and the transformation of society, which can be found in every aspect of the social life in the destination. Since the 1970s, the socio-cultural impacts of tourism have appeared in more and more studies. And being a hot topic, it is still being discussed in recently years. Integrating the views of anthropology in this field, this paper summarized the domestic and international research progress in theories, perspectives, methods, practices and models of the socio-cultural impacts of tourism, in which tourism is perceived to contribute to changes in value systems, individual behavior, resident attitude and perceive, collective lifestyles, moral conduct, traditional ceremonies, and community organizations. Finally, the author pointed out the weak sides of the current studies, and the main research directions in the future are given. Studies show that the main problems include: the scholars generally paid much more attention to case study than theory building; the study emphasized quality over quantity; some studies focused too much on the negative impact of tourism, neglecting the positive side; and there was shortage of a normative index system, resulting in weak comparability within studies. The future main directions are as follows: to tightly combine the needs of actual tourism development and management with academic studies; to complete the theory building and technical method improving; to merge multiple disciplinaries; and so on.