入藏旅游流网络结构特征与组织模式——基于团队游和自助游视角的比较分析

西藏作为大尺度景观区域,旅游资源分布、景观格局、交通线路等具有遍在性和分散化特征,加之地形、海拔、气候等自然条件差异性和多变性,使入藏旅游流特征与其他类型地区截然不同,团队游、自助游的细分差异尤为显著。论文采集热门旅游网站入藏团队游和自助游线路数据,结合社会网络分析探讨入藏旅游流的网络结构特征与组织模式,为西藏区域旅游优化组织提供理论借鉴。研究发现：入藏旅游流总体集聚、层级分化,节点联系总体不紧密,核心—边缘结构明显,其中团队游对枢纽节点和交通的依赖性较强,自助游覆盖地域较大、分布相对均衡;团队游和自助游旅行模式分别呈现为“环游式”和“周游式”,网络紧凑板块的“跨行政区”现象突出,受控于交通干线的程度较深;入藏团队游和自助游旅游流之间的差异反映了地形、海拔、交通、旅游资源分布以及消费能力等多方面的交叉影响,是不同旅游动机下个体和群体面向多因素综合作用的空间决策结果,进而影响西藏旅游交通布局、旅游产品组合、区域旅游协作等。研究结果对于认知入藏团队游和自助游游客的流动模式和移动规律具有参考意义,可以为西藏旅游线路优化设计、旅游地协同规划提供指引。

Network structure characteristics and organizational models of tourist flow to Tibet:Comparative analysis based on group and self-guided tours

As a large-scale landscape region, Tibet has ubiquitous and decentralized tourism resources, unique landscape, and layout of transportation routes. The various natural conditions such as terrain, altitude, and climate make tourist flows in Tibet completely different from other regions, especially for group and self-guided tours. This study collected data on group tour and self-guided tour from popular tourism websites, and combined social network analysis to explore the network structure characteristics and organizational models of tourist flows to Tibet, providing a theoretical reference for the optimal organization of Tibet tourism destinations. The study found that the tourist flow into Tibet is characterized by overall agglomeration and hierarchical differentiations. The nodes are not closely connected and the core-periphery structure is obvious. Group tour is strongly dependent on hub nodes and traffic, and self-guided tour covers a large area. Group tour and self-guided tour modes present "destination area loop" and dispersion features, respectively, and the phenomenon of crossing administrative regions in the compact network segment is prominent and largely controlled by the main traffic routes. The difference between tourist flows of group tour and self-guided tour reflects the joint influence of terrain, altitude, transportation, tourism resource distribution, and consumption ability. It is the result of spatial decision-making of individuals and groups under different tourism motives and the comprehensive effect of multiple factors, and has influenced the development of tourism transportation layout, tourism product combination, and regional tourism cooperation in Tibet. The research results provide a reference for understanding the flow and movement patterns of tourists entering Tibet for group tour and self-guided tour, and it can provide a theoretical guidance for the optimization of tourist route design and collaborative planning of tourist destinations in Tibet.