中国包容性绿色效率时空格局与溢出效应分析

包容性绿色发展旨在保障经济持续增长的同时促进社会公平和资源环境改善,是建设生态文明、保障和改善民生的必然选择。论文基于包容性绿色效率评价体系,采用考虑非期望产出的Super-EBM模型综合测度了中国省域包容性绿色效率,刻画了时空格局特征,最后采用空间杜宾模型识别了空间溢出效应与影响因素。研究表明：① 2000—2017年包容性绿色综合效率与规模效率呈缓慢波动上升趋势,纯技术效率呈先下降后上升的“V”型演变,综合效率的提升由规模效应驱动向技术驱动转变。② 包容性绿色效率空间格局由低水平均衡向高水平不均衡演进,高值区集中于“胡焕庸线”向东一侧,低值区以西北、西南和东北地区为主,综合效率与纯技术效率形成京津、长三角和珠三角3个高水平集聚区,规模效率的高水平区呈“H”型分布特征。③ 包容性绿色效率的同类型地区存在空间集聚特征,且空间集聚性不断增强,热点区呈向东北移动的趋势且逐渐稳定于长三角地区,次热点以京津、珠三角地区为主,西北、西南和东北基本为冷点区。④ 包容性绿色综合效率及其分解效率存在正向空间溢出效应,经济发展水平、产业结构、工业化、政府行政能力、财政分权、环境规制、科技创新及市场化对包容性绿色效率具有显著影响,其中政府行政能力、财政分权、环境规制、科技创新和市场化具有一定溢出效应。

Spatiotemporal pattern and spillover effects of inclusive green efficiency in China

Inclusive green development aims to ensure sustainable economic growth while promoting social equity and resource and environmental improvement. It is an inevitable choice for building ecological civilization and improving people's livelihood. This study constructed an evaluation system of inclusive green efficiency, and used the Super-Epsilon-Based Measure (EBM) model considering the undesirable outputs to comprehensively measure China's inclusive green efficiency. On this basis, spatial autocorrelation analysis was used to analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of inclusive green efficiency. By using a spatial Durbin model, the spatial spillover effects and influencing factors were analyzed. The results show that: 1) From 2000 to 2017, China's comprehensive inclusive green efficiency and scale efficiency fluctuated slowly, and the pure technical efficiency showed a "V-shaped" trend. The improvement of comprehensive efficiency gradually changed from scale effect to technology driven. 2) The spatial pattern of inclusive green efficiency in China has evolved from low-level equilibrium to high-level imbalance. The high-value areas are concentrated to the east of the Hu Huanyong Line, while the low-value areas are mainly in the northwestern, southwestern, and northeastern areas. Comprehensive efficiency and pure technical efficiency form three high-value areas in Beijing-Tianjin, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Pearl River Delta at the national level, and the high-value areas of scale efficiency show a "H" shape. 3) The same type of inclusive green efficiency shows the characteristics of spatial agglomeration, which is also continuously enhanced. The hotspots tend to move to the northeast. The hotspots are gradually stabilized in the Yangtze River Delta region, and the secondary hotspots are mainly in the Beijing-Tianjin and Pearl River Delta regions. The northwest, southwest, and northeast are basically cold spots. 4) The regression results of spatial Durbin model show that there is a positive spatial spillover effect of comprehensive inclusive green efficiency and its components. Economic development level, industrial structure, industrialization, government administrative ability, fiscal decentralization, environmental regulation, scientific and technological innovation, and marketization have significant influences on inclusive green efficiency, among which government administrative ability, fiscal decentralization, environmental regulation, scientific and technological innovation, and marketization have some spillover effects. Finally, some related policies, such as strengthening inter-regional exchanges and cooperation, accelerating the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure, optimizing the government's fiscal expenditure structure, promoting the transformation and application of scientific and technological achievements, and letting the market play a decisive role in the allocation of resources, were put forward based on the empirical analysis. This study provides a new perspective than the traditional assessment of economic efficiency, and the conclusions can provide some reference for China's ecological civilization construction and green transformation development.