运输效率研究述评及基于交通运输地理学视角的研究展望

运输效率是衡量运输系统运行状况及发展潜力的综合性指标。国外学者立足经济学与管理学, 在运输效率评价的计量模型、指标体系以及运输效率的影响因素与机理等方面进行了深入分析;国内研究总体上还处于国外研究方法体系与成果引进阶段, 但中国学者开创性地将运输效率与地域空间相结合, 开始关注运输效率的空间格局及其与区域经济系统的耦合研究。近年来, 运输的能源效率与二氧化碳排放效率日渐引起学者的关注。从交通运输地理学角度, 突出运输效率的空间地域性, 在区域运输效率影响因素分析与定量测度基础上, 对运输效率格局、过程、机理及效应展开系统研究, 具有一定科学意义和应用价值。

Review of transport efficiency and its research trends from the Transport Geography perspectives

Transport efficiency is an integrated index to measure transportation system status and its developmental potential. Researchers in other countries have made significant achievements in the fields such as a transport efficiency evaluation econometric model, index system, impact factors and the mechanism from economics and management perspectives. In general, the research on transport efficiency in China is still at the stage of introducing research methods and results from abroad. However, the researchers in China have pioneered in combining transport efficiency with regional spatial structures as well as focusing on the studies of the coupling of spatial pattern of transport efficiency with regional economic systems. In addition, in recent years, energy efficiency and carbon dioxide emission efficiency in transportation have increasingly gained the attention of the researchers. Furthermore, from the perspective of transportation geography, it is of greatly scientific significance and practical value to study the pattern, process, mechanism and effect of transport efficiency with emphasis on its spatial characteristics, based on the analysis of the impact factors and quantitative measurement. The study needs to answer the questions such as: How to evaluate transport efficiency; What is the overall level of transport efficiency; What are the factors and mechanism that affect the temporal and spatial evolution of transport efficiency; What are the effects of the evolution of transport efficiency at the regional levels.