社区生活圈公共服务设施配置的空间分异分析——以大连市沙河口区为例

城市公共服务设施的配置水平直接影响到居民的生活品质。论文基于高德地图获取的地图数据,使用城市网络分析工具(Urban Network Analysis Toolbox, UNA)对大连市沙河口区内的6类公共服务设施分布进行空间分异分析,并对区内90个社区的居民出行可达设施的数量及类别进行测度,最后对各个社区进行总体评价。结果表明：① 大连市沙河口区公共服务设施空间分布不均,北多南少,呈现出“一主多次”的“廾”字形的结构,主要分布在西安路商业区周边和各个街道的次级商业区;② 居民可达设施数量空间差异大,北多南少,各街道均有1或2个区域可达设施数量较多;③ 居民可达设施类型数量存在一定差异,70%以上的住宅楼中的居民可以获得全部6类公共服务设施;④ 各社区居民可达设施总体处于差异较小的均衡状态,但仍有个别社区存在内部差异较大的现象。设施的分布、地物的阻隔和社区的封闭程度对居民获取各类公共服务设施影响较大,建议构建“设施完善、便捷可达”的15 min社区生活圈。

Spatial differentiation of public service facilities’ configuration in community life circle: A case study of Shahekou District in Dalian City

The level of urban public service provision directly affects the life quality of residents, and location and allocation of urban public service facilities are an important task of urban planning and development. In recent years, the concept of urban life circle has been paid increasing attention to in China, and various localities have aimed to create a perfect "community life circle" as a key task of urban governance. Using the open source map data and the urban network analysis (UNA) toolbox, this study analyzed the spatial difference of public service facilities in Shahekou District of Dalian City, and measured the number and type of reachable facilities to residents of 90 communities in the district. Then, an overall evaluation of each community was conducted. Finally, the optimal allocation of public service facilities was proposed. The results show that: 1) Public service facilities are unevenly distributed in Shahekou District of Dalian City. There are more facilities on the north side and fewer on the south side, showing a structure of one primary center and six secondary centers. The primary center is around the commercial area of Xi'an Road and the secondary centers are distributed in each subdistrict. 2) There is a large difference in the number of reachable facilities to residents—facilities on the north side of the Malan River are more than that of the south side, and there are more facilities in one or two areas in each subdistrict. 3) There are some differences in types of reachable facilities to residents, and more than 70% of the residents can reach all six types of public service facilities. The number of facility types reachable to residents on the west side of Xibei Road-Xinan Road-Wuyi Road is less than that of the east side. 4) Generally, in various communities reachable facilities are balanced and have small differences. However, there are still some communities that show large internal differences. According to the analysis, whether residents can access the various public service facilities is greatly affected by the distribution of facilities, the barriers of ground objects, and the closed degree of community. At the end of this article, we propose to build 15-minute community life circles with all needed facilities and easy to reach.