海南岛西部沿海地区近70年来的生态环境变化

海南西部沿海地区具有干旱、风大、高温、多灾害的自然地理特点,生态环境具有脆弱性。近70年来本区生态环境变化很大,20世纪30年代呈典型的热带稀树草原景观,人类对生态环境的影响小;20世纪50年代出现了大面积的风沙化环境,生态环境恶化;此后,风沙化环境一直呈逆转趋势,1970年至2000年,人类重视对生态环境的建设,生态环境比较稳定。在本区生态环境的变化过程中,自然生态环境的脆弱性是其前提条件,而大规模的人类活动则是其变化的主要原因。日本帝国主义的侵略和掠夺、沿海防护林工程建设、经济建设和水利建设等人类活动对本区生态环境的变化起了主要的作用。

THE CHANGE OF ECOLOGICAL ENVIROMENT IN WEST COASTAL HAINAN ISLAND SINCE 1930'S

There is very arid, big wind, high temperature in west coastal Hainan, which is its characteristic of physical geography. And its eco-environment is much frail. The ecological environment has changed greatly in latest 70 years. In 1930's, ecological environment was typical tropical tree-steppe, human's activity had effected the ecological environment a little; in 1950's, a lot of the desertification land had arisen and the ecological environmental had been worsened; then the desertification land has been controlled later, and the eco-environment began to turn better and better qualified. From 1970's to 2000's, the man had emphasized on the protecting vegetation and planting trees, so the ecological environment wasn't worsened. The change of the ecological environment is caused by many facts. The frailty of natural ecological environment is basic condition, and large-scale human campaign is the major reason. The aggression of Japanese imperialism, the construction of coastal defend-forest, irrigation works, economic construction and so on have produced important role in the change of ecological environment.