沉积学粒度分析方法综述

文章回顾了粒度分析的历史，总结了常用的粒径类型，介绍了粒度标准和目前沉积学中常用的5种粒度分析方法，并对其中的沉降法、场干扰分析法、图像法作了详细的分类说明。此外，对每一种粒度分析方法的适用范围、测定原理以及其存在的优缺点也进行了详细的介绍。其中：直接测量法简单易行，但精度较差；筛析法较为普遍，但只限于松散或弱胶结沉积物，且不能反映颗粒形状；沉降法适用于松散样、弱胶结样和液体样的分析，可对细砂、粉砂或泥等细粒沉积物进行测量；场干扰法主要依据碎屑颗粒的衍射、散射及电压脉冲响应进行，固体样和液体样均可，精度高，适用性广；图像法手段多样，简单直观，操作性强。总体上，未来的几十年内，粒度分析方法仍将是新旧技术并存，多种方法共用的状况。

Review of Sedimentary Grain Size Analysis Methods

In this paper, the authors review the history of grain size analysis, summarize the commonly used grain size types, introduce the grain size standards and the five grain size analysis methods usually used in sedimentology at present, and give a detailed classification of sedimentation method, field interference analysis method and image method. In addition, the scope of application, the principle of measurement, the advantages and disadvantages of each grain size analysis method are also introduced in detail. Of them,direct measurement method is simple, but poor in accuracy; Sieving analysis is common, but can only precede loose or weakly cemented sediments and cannot reflect grain shape; Sedimentation method is suitable for the analysis of loose samples, weak cemented samples and liquid samples, and can measure fine grained sediments such as fine sand, silt and mud; Field interference method is mainly based on the diffraction, scattering and voltage impulse response of detritus grains, both solid and liquid samples, with high accuracy, and wide applicability; Image method is diverse, simple and intuitive, and strongly operable. In general, in the next few decades, these grain size analysis methods will still co-exist with old and new technologies.