Geochemistry of Rare Earth Elements in the Ocean

This work briefly outlines modern ideas on geochemistry of rare earth elements (REE) in the ocean. Sources of REE and chemical properties of these elements, which govern their migration ability in natural processes, are considered. The REE behavior in the river water–seawater mixing zone is analyzed. The fractionation of dissolved and suspended REE in oceanic water in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions is also considered. It is shown that the variability of REE composition in pelagic sediments reflects the fractionation of these elements in the oceanic water as a consequence of material differentiation in the ocean. The REE distribution in terrigenous, authigenic, hydrothermal, and biogenic constituents of sediments, such as clay, bone debris, barite, phillipsite, Fe–Mn oxyhydroxides (ferromanganese nodules and micronodules), Fe–Ca hydroxo-phosphate, diatoms, and foraminifers, is considered.