Multiple sources for mineralizing fluids in the Charmitan gold(-tungsten) mineralization (Uzbekistan) |
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Authors: | Torsten Graupner Samuel Niedermann Dieter Rhede Ulf Kempe Reimar Seltmann C Terry Williams Reiner Klemd |
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Institution: | 1. Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Stilleweg 2, 30655, Hannover, Germany 2. Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam-Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum, Telegrafenberg, 14473, Potsdam, Germany 3. Institute of Mineralogy, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Brennhausgasse 14, 09599, Freiberg, Germany 4. Centre for Russian and Central EurAsian Mineral Studies, Department of Mineralogy, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK 5. GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Universit?t Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossgarten 5, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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Abstract: | Mineral assemblages present within the Charmitan gold(-tungsten) quartz-vein mineralization have been investigated for their
cathodoluminescence behaviour, chemical composition and noble gas isotope systematics. This inventory of methods allows for
the first time a systematic reconstruction of the paragenetic relationships of quartz, scheelite, sulphides and native gold
within the gold mineralization at Charmitan and provides the basis to utilise noble gas data in the discussion of sources
and evolution of ore-forming fluids. The vein quartz is classified into four generations based on microscopic and cathodoluminescence
investigations. Quartz I shows intense brittle deformation as associated scheelite I. Undeformed scheelite II overgrows scheelite
I and has lower light rare earth element and higher intermediate rare earth element contents as well as higher strontium concentrations.
Scheelite II is associated with the economic gold mineralization and formed during re-crystallisation and re-precipitation
of material which was partly re-mobilised from early scheelite I during infiltration of gold-bearing fluids. Early stage native
gold inclusions are often associated with stage 2 sulphides, scheelite II and bismuth tellurides and contain Ag (3.6–24.4 wt.%),
Hg (≤1.0 wt.%) and Bi (≤0.2 wt.%). Later stage electrum grains occur in association with stage 3 sulphides and sulphosalts
and contain Hg (<0.8 wt.%) and elevated Sb concentrations (up to 3.0 wt.%). Noble gas isotope data (3He/4He: 0.2-0.4 Ra) for hydrothermal ore fluids trapped in the gold-related sulphides and sulphosalts (stage 2 pyrite and arsenopyrite;
stage 3 pyrite, sphalerite, galena and lead sulphosalts) suggest that diverse fluid sources were involved in the formation
of the Charmitan gold deposit. These data are indicative of a small, but significant input of fluids from external, deep-seated
(mantle and possibly lower crust) sources. A decrease in the input of mantle helium and an increasing role of crustal helium
from early to later stages of the mineralization is suggested by the measured 3He/4He and 40Ar*/4He ratios. Sulphides from ore veins in meta-sedimentary rocks contain higher portions of meteoric fluids than those in intrusive
rock types as indicated by their lower 3He/36Ar ratios. The 3He/36Ar ratios in the meta-sedimentary rocks agree well with ratios typical of gold mineralizations in the Tien Shan gold province
completely hosted by meta-sedimentary sequences, indicating intense fluid-wall rock interaction. |
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