郑州煤矿区井下水文观测孔施工技术

郑州地区煤矿水文观测孔以前均在地面施工，由于施工和维护成本较高，近年来逐渐推广在井下施工。2013年国家煤矿安全监察局将《高压水探放技术与装备》列入《水害防治关键技术与装备研究课题》。随着井下钻探技术和装备日趋成熟，特别是井下专用探放水钻机、孔口防喷装置、松软破碎地层跟管钻进技术、硬岩层高效定向钻进技术等方面的难题相继被攻克，煤矿井下钻探已实现了安全型作业。针对井下钻探施工的特殊性，主要从水文观测孔施工难点和解决方法进行了详细阐述，包括设备选型、钻孔定位、破碎地层潜孔锤跟管钻进、固井和井控防喷以及成孔后酸化洗井等方面。

Construction Technology of Underground Hydrological Observation Hole in Zhengzhou Coal Mine Area

Hydrological observation hole used to be bored on the ground in Zhengzhou coal mine area. Because of the high costs of construction and maintenance, underground hydrological observation hole is popularized gradually in recent years. High pressure water exploration and drainage was listed in the research subject of key technology of flood prevention and equipment by SACSS in 2013. As downhole drilling technology and equipment are becoming more and more mature, especially some technological difficulties are overcome one after another, such as special underground water48 exploration and drainage drill, orifice blowout prevention device, drilling with casing technology in soft and fractured formation and effective directional drilling technology in hard rocks, intrinsically safe operation has been realized for underground drilling in coal mine. In view of the particularity of underground coal mine drilling, the paper mainly expounds the difficulties and solutions in the construction of hydrological observation holes, including equipment selection, hole positioning, DTH drilling with casing in fractured formation; cementing and well control & blowout prevention, as well as acidification well washing after completion and so on.