城市地质灾害勘察中地球物理方法的应用效果

城市化是人类社会发展的必然趋势。伴随着城市的快速发展,大部分城市长期超强度开发利用资源,大量排放“三废”,导致资源破坏,环境恶化,人为产生了一系列地质灾害问题。由于城市地质灾害具有危害性、潜在性、突发性、隐蔽性、社会性等特点,因此全面加强城市防灾减灾,不但特别重要,而且十分紧迫。近年来,地球物理技术的应用范围得到了迅速地扩展。在各种城市地质灾害的监测、预报和防治工作中,地球物理方法同样可以发挥巨大的作用。这里针对崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、海水入侵、地下水资源污染、岩溶塌陷、地面沉降、地裂缝等几种常见城市地质灾害,概述了我国城市中的危害及发展现状,并结合实例介绍了地球物理方法在城市地质灾害勘察中的应用。实践证明,地球物理方法在城市地质灾害勘察的监测、探测和防治中具有特有的优势,是一个前景十分广阔的领域。

Applications of geophysical method to detect urban geologic hazards

Urbanization is the inevitable trend of social development. With the instant development of city, most of cities exploit and use resource chronically and excessively. Lots of three wastes (waste gas, waste water and industrial residue) are discharged and the environment becomes worse. Then many kinds of the geologic hazard are caused. Because urban geologic hazard is destructive, potential, sudden, invisible, and social, it is important and instant to strengthen the disaster prevention and the disaster alleviation. Lately, the geophysical prospecting techniques are used widely and it can be also used in the monitoring, prediction, prevention and cure of the geologic hazard of the city. In this paper, the applications of the geophysical methods in some kinds of the geologic hazards of cities are presented, which include collapse, debris flow, landslide, seawater encroachment, pollution of groundwater, karst collapse, ground subsidence, geofracture. Practices have proved that the geophysical methods have typical advantage of monitoring, detecting, and controlling and it has a broad prospect to detect urban geologic hazards.