植硅体形态测量学研究与应用概述

植硅体形态测量学是植硅体研究的重要方向之一,随着学科交叉研究的深入,植硅体形态测量学在植物分类与生态学、环境考古学、全球变化与生态响应等领域得到快速发展。综合已有研究成果表明,长鞍型植硅体形态测量学在日本、中国的竹亚科属一级竹类生态学具有独特的指示作用,而扇型和长鞍型形态测量学在中国西南西双版纳竹亚科木本竹子属一级分类中具有重要的参考价值;稻亚科扇型形态测量学可以有效区分籼稻与粳稻,且扇型鱼鳞状纹饰与颖壳双峰植硅体形态测量学结合可以准确判别亚洲栽培稻与普通野生稻;黍亚科树状表皮长细胞形态测量学被成功运用到区分中国西北黍和粟及其亲缘物种的关系,葫芦科南瓜属刻面球型植硅体形态测量学揭示了野生种、半驯化种和驯化种之间植硅体形态大小及其关系,证实南美洲低地地区早全新世出现的南瓜驯化历史;中国东北不同环境条件下的禾本科羊草、芦苇植硅体形态测量学研究反映了陆生植物对全球变化的生理生态响应,为研究陆地生态系统对全球变化的响应及古环境重建提供了重要参考。

AN INTRODUCTION TO THE RESEARCH AND APPLICATION OF PHYTOLITH MORPHOMETRICS

Under the background of the further development of interdisciplinary research,phytolith morphometrics has been one of the most important directions of phytolith research and contributed great progresses on plant classification and ecology,environmental archaeology,and global change and ecological response.Based on the integrated analysis on the published references,this paper worked out the results as followings.Long saddles(oblong concave saddles)from the Bambusoideae have been indicative of bamboo ecology and habitat ecology in Japan and China,while the phytolith morphometrics of cuneiform bulliform cells and long saddles have important reference values on the classification of the woody bamboos on the genus level in Xishuangbanna,southwestern China.The morphometrics of cuneiform bulliform cells of the Oryzoideae can also effectively distinguish indica rice from sinica/japonica rice,and the combinations of fish-scaled decorations of cuneiform bulliform cells and morphometrics of double-peaked glume cells can accurately distinguish the Asian domesticated rice from the common wild rice.The morphometrics of dendriform epidermis long cells from the Panicoideae has been successfully used to distinguish the relationship among common millet,foxtail millet and their related species in the Northwest China.The morphometrics of spherical scalloped phytoliths in the Cucurbita of Cucurbitaceae revealed the size and relationship among wild species,semi-domesticated species and domesticated species,which confirmed the history of exploitation of a wild species of Cucurbita in the Early Holocene in the lowland areas of South America.The phytolith morphometrics of Leymus chinensis and Phragmites australis from Poaceae in Northeast China reflects the physiological and ecological response of terrestrial plants to global changes.It provides an important reference for studying the response of terrestrial ecosystem to global change and paleoenvironmental reconstruction.