南水北调中线工程第四系工程地质

我国南方水多,北方水少,北方资源性缺水问题已严重影响了当地工、农业的发展和城市居民的正常生活,南水北调工程的实施已迫在眉睫.本文简要地介绍了南水北调3条调水线路之一--中线工程的组成、地形地貌以及第四系情况,重点分析了第四纪地层中的膨胀土渠坡稳定、黄土类土湿陷、软黏土渠坡稳定、饱和砂土振动液化、砂砾石强透水和开挖弃土利用等主要工程地质问题及其对工程建设的影响,同时也提出了对这些问题的工程处理措施.中线工程不存在能够否定工程成立的工程地质问题,所有工程地质问题都可以通过适当的工程处理措施得到解决.

ENGINEERING GEOLOGY OF THE QUATERNARY SEDIMENTS ALONG THE MIDDLE ROUTE OF THE SOUTH TO NORTH WATER TRANSFER PROJECT

The South to North Water Transfer Project is one of the world attracted giant projects in China, and it is also a grand infrastructure for adjusting the country′s strategic arrangement of water resources, optimizing the water resources distribution, and solving the water shortage problems in the Huanghe River Plain, Huaihe River Plain, Haihe River Plain and the upper reach regions of the Huanghe River, especially Tianjing, Beijing and other North China areas. As early as 1952, Chairman Mao Zedong made a statement that the south was rich in water while the north was poor; it is possible to transfer some water from the south to north. After several decades, three routes, including the so called east route, middle route and west route, have been planned for the South to North Water Transfer Project. Among them, the middle route will divert water from Danjiangkou Reservoir on Hanjiang River which is the tributary of the Changjiang River to Henan, Hebei, Beijing and Tianjin along the east foothills of the Funiu and Taihang Mountains. The most common morphologic units in the middle route of the South to North Water Transfer Project area are plain and mound, so the Quaternary sediments which are cohesive soil, sand soil, gravel and some kinds of special soil are widely distributed along the middle route. In the view of engineering geology, the engineering geological conditions of the middle route are characterized by diversity and complexity. The engineering geological problems to be encountered include canal slope stability in swell soil area, collapsibility of loess like soil, canal slope stability in soft soil area, seismic liquefaction of saturated sand soil, canal and dam foundation leakage, intrusion of underground water during construction and the usage of spoil. Scholars and technicians have studied those problems for many years, and have carried out many monographic studies for the special soil. Results show that all those problems can be solved by taking some proper engineering treatment, and to find out an economical, effective and reliable treatment for each problem is the most important work in the following period.