碳酸盐岩中有机质组成特征分析

对碳酸盐岩有机质组分进行分类时，有两种分类标准，一是主要采用煤岩学方法，二是采用孢粉学研究方法。本文使用煤岩学方法作为标准，对碳酸盐岩有机质的组成特征进行分析。按有机质来源和有机组分光性和形态等方面差别划分为内源有机质、次生有机质和陆源有机质三类。内源有机质类中分腐泥组和动物有机组，前者主要来源于菌藻类，后者则主要来源于浮游动物有机体；次生有机质中区分出微粒体、有机包裹体、沥青；陆源有机质类分类术语仍沿用煤显微组分分类系统和术语。碳酸盐岩烃源岩的有机质主要为腐泥型，有机质来源以低等藻类为主，且有机质组成特征与碳酸盐岩烃源岩的地质年代有关。碳酸盐岩还存在着差异演化的特征。

Analysis on the Characters of Organic Composition in Carbonate Rocks

Coal petrology was used to the classification of organic composition of carbonate rocks in the present researches. According to the origination of the organic matter, shape and optic character of the organic matter composition,three kinds of organic matter were recognized,including endogenic-,secondary- and terrestrial organic matter. Endogenic organic matter includes sapropel and animal organism. The former comes from fungi,and the latter from zooplankton. Secondary organic matter includes microsome,organic inclusion and bitumen. As for the terrestrial organic matter,the traditional classification methods and terms are used. The organic matter of carbonate rock is mainly sapropel in type and originated from fungi. Its maceral composition changes with its geological age and organic matter evolution.