准噶尔盆地腹部下侏罗统三工河组旋回样式及砂体叠置规律*

准噶尔盆地下侏罗统三工河组粗粒辫状河三角洲沉积几乎淤浅整个湖盆,形成盆地中生代主要储集层系。当前对三工河组层序旋回性的认识存在分歧,旋回性沉积的驱动机制也缺乏研究,并因此导致对砂体叠置样式和组合规律的认识具有较大争议。利用研究区钻遇三工河组38口井的取心及测井资料,基于沉积学和沉积盆地分析等基本原理,系统分析了三工河组沉积旋回特点,在此基础上对砂体叠置特点和组合规律进行了详细研究。结果表明,准噶尔盆地腹部三工河组退积式辫状河三角洲砂体由河道强冲刷叠置砂体、河道弱冲刷叠置砂体、河上坝组合砂体、远砂坝—席状砂组合砂体、滩坝组合砂体等5类不同叠置样式的砂体组成,可划分为4个体系域级正旋回,不发育反旋回沉积。第一旋回为高湖平面期断续分布的滩坝组合砂体,第二旋回为自最低湖平面开始的湖侵过程中连片沉积的河道强冲刷叠置砂体、河道弱冲刷叠置砂体和河上坝组合砂体,第三旋回主要为自低湖平面开始的湖侵过程中接近连片沉积的河道弱冲刷叠置砂体和远砂坝—席状砂组合砂体,第四旋回为最高湖平面期零星分布的滩坝砂体组合。推测准噶尔盆地基底幕式快速抬升和总体缓慢沉降的构造运动特点,导致了三工河组4个正旋回之间的(强)冲刷特征及退积式叠加样式的形成。

Sedimentary cycle pattern and stacked style of sand-body of the Lower Jurassic Sangonghe Formation in belly of Junggar Basin

The coarse grain braided river delta in Jurassic Sangonghe Formation of Junggar Basin formed the main Mesozoic reservoir system. At present,there are obvious different opinions on the sedimentary cycle characteristics of Jurassic Sangonghe Formation,and there is a lack of research on the driving mechanisms of sedimentary cyclicity,which leads to a great dispute on the stacked style of sand-bodies. Using 38 wells coring and logging data in the belly of Junggar Basin,based on principles and methods of sedimentology and sedimentary basin analysis,the characteristics of sedimentary cycle in Sangonghe Formation are systematically analyzed. The stacked style and combination rule of sand-bodies are studied in detail within sedimentary cyclic framework. The characteristics of basement subsidence and multi-stage uplifting during the Early Jurassic of Junggar Basin are discussed,so as to clear the driving mechanisms of positive sedimentary cycle. The Sangonghe Formation in the study area is divided into four system tract level positive cycles with no reverse cycle deposition,which reflects the sedimentary characteristics of slow lacustrine transgress and fast lacustrine retrogress. The sand-bodies in the braided river delta front of the Sangonghe Formation show five stacking patterns: Strong erosion of superimposed sand-body by subaqueous distributary channel,weak erosion of superimposed sand-body by subaqueous distributary channel,superimposed river-mouth bar on subaqueous distributary channel,distal bar-blanket sand assemblage,beach bar sand-body. The first cycle is the intermittent distribution of beach bar sand-bodies. The second cycle includes continuous distribution of strong erosion of superimposed sand-body by subaqueous distributary channel,weak erosion of superimposed sand-body by subaqueous distributary channel,and superimposed river-mouth bar on subaqueous distributary channel. The third cycle is composed of relatively continuous distribution of weak erosion of superimposed sand-body by subaqueous distributary channel and distal bar-blanket sand assemblage. The fourth cycle is scattered distribution of beach bar sand-body. It is possible because of the slow subsidence and intermittent rapid uplift of the basement of Junggar Basin that regressive superposition and the scour interface between each sedimentary cycle are formed.