世界气候变暖及二氧化碳埋存现状与展望*

由于CO₂大量排放而引起的全球气候变暖问题日趋严峻。21世纪环境保护受到国际社会高度关注，全球气温上升控制目标比工业革命前水平高2 ℃以内，因此必须采取积极有效措施。捕获和埋存废气中的CO₂是避免气候变化的有效途径之一，同时要求CO₂须埋存几百或几千年。埋存对环境产生的影响最小、成本较低且遵守国际法规。CO₂地下埋存的主要场所是枯竭的油气藏、深部的盐水储集层、不能开采的煤层和深海等。CO₂地下埋存可应对因能源需求增长和CO₂排放量增加带来的挑战，必将为全球资源及环境的高水平、高效益开发和可持续发展提供理论及实践依据。

Global warming and current status and prospect of CO2 underground storage

Global warming caused by massive emission of carbon dioxide(CO₂)gas is becoming more and more serious. In the 21st century，people pay more attention to environment protection. The aim for controlling the global temperature increase is that the temperature should not be increased by more than 2 ℃，comparing to the temperature prior to the industry revolution. Thus the active and effective measures should be taken to solve these problems. CO₂ underground storage，which will be valid for hundreds or thousands of years，is an effective way of avoiding climate change. It is also the way which has the least effect on environment，costs the least and accords with the international regulations. The main places for CO₂ storage are exhausted oil reservoirs，deep salt water reservoir，undeveloped coal seams and deep sea. CO₂ underground storage，which is the answer for challenge raising from energy demand increase and CO₂ emission augment，will surely provide references both in theory and in practice for the efficient global resource and environment development and for the sustainable development in the world.