卸压开采研究进展

大规模深部开采已成为我国采矿工业发展的必然趋势。冲击地压、大变形控制是深部开采的研究热点，它们都是由过高的深部开采地压导致的。卸压开采的目的就是要转移或释放部分高地压。总结了压力拱、支承压力、最大水平地应力、板理论、卸压支护和轴变论等卸压理论及其适用领域。从卸压机制入手对卸压施工工艺进行了简单分类。概述了卸压开采的研究方法。其结果表明：钻孔爆破是一种灵活的卸压施工工艺；未来卸压理论研究仍将遵循相似模拟、数值仿真与原位测试相结合的原则；在卸压开采的数值仿真领域，开发嵌入了LS-DYNA3D的FLAC3D软件是钻孔爆破卸压的一个值得重视的研究方向；多种卸压理论的有机结合是创新卸压施工工艺的研发方向；压力拱、卸压支护理论仍值得深入研究。

Research progress in pressure-relief mining

Large scale deep mining has become an inevitable trend in the development of China’s mining industry. Rockbursts and large deformation control are the research highlights in deep mining; and they are both caused by exceedingly concentrated underground- pressure of deep mining. So the aims of pressure-relief mining are to transfer or release some of the concentrated stress. These pressure relief theories, such as underground-pressure arch, bearing pressure, maximum horizontal ground stress, plate theory, the pressure-relief support and theory of axial variation, etc, and their application fields are summarized. From the pressure-relief mechanism, the stress-relief construction technology is classified simply. Moreover, the research methods are overviewed on pressure relief mining too. Results indicate that drilling blasting is a kind of flexible pressure-relief construction technology; and future stress-relief theory research would still follow the principle that the similar simulation and numerical simulation are combined with in-situ test. In general, it is an important research direction to develop FLAC3D software insetting LS-DYNA3D software in the field of numerical simulation of pressure-relief mining with drilling blasting; and it is the research & development direction to innovate pressure-relief construction technology that various pressure-relief theories are combined organically. Furthermore, underground-pressure arch and the pressure-relief support theory must still to be studied in depth.