鄂尔多斯盆地晚古生代沉积岩源区构造背景及物源分析

鄂尔多斯盆地周缘物源均来自上地壳,以长英质岩石为主,主要为太古宇、元古宇的各类变火山-沉积岩组成的古老变质岩系,同时具有一定量的花岗岩和碱性玄武岩的混合,但物源成分及南北源区构造背景有所差异。在常量元素及稀土元素组成上,盆地南北物源区的沉积岩在地区及层位之间存在差异,且该变化符合大洋岛弧→大陆岛弧→活动大陆边缘→被动大陆边缘常量元素、稀土元素以及负Eu异常的变化趋势。常量元素变化分析表明盆地北部物源主要来自板块俯冲碰撞地带,与被动大陆边缘环境和活动大陆边缘环境相关,少数为与活动大陆边缘相关的岛弧构造环境有关,到晚古生代中晚期才逐渐与被动大陆边缘环境和活动大陆边缘环境相关。稀土元素对比分析表明,盆地北部物源与太古宙、元古宙的花岗片麻岩、闪长片麻岩、二长花岗岩、变余岩屑砂岩及千枚岩具有亲源性;而盆地南部早—中二叠世长期受被动大陆边缘物源影响,具有高SiO2,低Na2O的特征,这与太古宙—元古宙的太华群、秦岭群、宽坪群等岩系的高SiO2含量,K2O/Na2O>1的特征一致,到晚古生代后期,逐渐与活动大陆边缘物源相关。北秦岭晚古生代山间盆地具有快速混杂堆积的沉积特点,属于盆地外缘,并与鄂尔多斯盆地呈连续过渡的状况,物源上具有继承关系;盆地晚古生代沉积岩中Gd含量及(Gd/Yb)N比值具有随时间迁移的特征,分析表明北部物源区在太原期处于构造快速活动期,而南部物源从山西期才开始进入快速活动期,这与区域构造演化背景一致,即北部物源区抬升要早于南部。

Tectonic setting and provenance analysis of Late Palaeozoic sedimentary rocks in Ordos Basin

The provenances of Ordos Basin and its surrounding regions, which all comes from the upper crust, are dominated by felsic rocks, which consist of ancient metamorphic rocks, such as metamorphic volcanic rocks and sedimentary rock of Archaeozoic and Proterozoic, and certain amount of granite and alkali basalt. But compositions of source and structural setting of provenances in the north and south are different. Compositions of major and rare earth elements suggest that sedimentary rocks in both north and south show some differences in area and stratum, and the changes of major element, REE and Eu anomaly are in accordance with the variation trend from oceanic island arc, continental island arc, and active continental margin to passive continental margin. Analysis of major elements indicates that the north provenance derived mainly from plate subduction zones and were related to active continental margin and passive continental margin, with minor related to the island arc of passive continental margin, and were related to tectonic setting of active continental margin and passive continental margin until middle-late Paleozoic. REE contrast analysis shows that the source for the northern basin has affinities to Archeozoic and Proterozoic metamorphotic rocks, such as granitic gneiss, diorite gneiss, adamellite, metamorphotic litharenite, phyllite, etc; that for the southern basin was deeply affected by passive continental margin source, characterized by high SiO2 , low Na2O features, and K2O/Na2O>1. All these features are consistent to those (high SiO2 and K2O/Na2O>1) of rocks of Archean-Proterozoic Taihua Group, Qinling Group and Kuanping Group. Until the end of Late Paleozoic, the provenance was not affected gradually by active continental margin. Beiqinling intermontane basins characterized by rapid accumulation m langes belong to the outer margin of Ordos Basin and have continuous transitional relationship with the basin. Therefore, both show some inherited relation. The Gd content and (Gd/Yb)N ratios of the Late Paleozoic sedimentary rocks in the Ordos basin vary with time changing, and the analysis shows that the northern source area in Taiyuan period was in rapid tectonic activity period, while the southern source area in Shanxi period was fast active period. This is consistent with the regional tectonic evolution, i.e. the uplift of the northern source area was earlier than that in the south.