无人机遥感技术在采煤地面塌陷监测中的应用

为研究无人机遥感技术在采煤地面塌陷监测中的应用，以宁东煤炭基地金凤煤矿011805综采工作面为例，探讨了利用无人机遥感技术进行地表裂缝解译、地面沉降量计算和地面塌陷规律研究的方法。结果表明:无人机飞行航高可根据需要识别的地表裂缝宽度确定，地形平坦地区识别2 cm地表裂缝的飞行航高一般应不超过143 m；地表裂缝宜于采用基于光谱、延长度和紧密度规则的面向对象的信息提取方法进行自动识别，在采用这种方法发现地表塌陷裂缝时宜采用基于边缘检测的图像分割模型和基于Full Lambda Schedule的图像融合模型；对无人机遥感地表高程值进行拟合校正可近似获得采煤工作面地表下沉量和下沉系数，说明无人机遥感技术可应用于采煤地面沉降量监测；综采工作面内地表裂缝数量多，总体垂直回采方向排列，切眼和顺槽附近地表裂缝数量少，总体平行顺槽和切眼展布。 

Application of UAV remote sensing technology in monitoring of coal mining-induced subsidence

In order to study the application of UAV remote sensing technology in monitoring of coal mining-induced subsidence, taking fully-mechanized coal mining face 011805 in Jinfeng coal mine as an example, the method of the interpretation of surface cracks, the calculation of ground settlement and the rule of surface subsidence are discussed in this paper. The results show that the flight height of UAV can be determined according to the need to identify the width of surface cracks, and for identification width of surface cracks of 2 cm in general the flight height should not exceed 143 m in the flat area. The method based on the rules of spectrum, elongation and compactness is suitable for extracting surface cracks automatically, and the image segmentation model based on edge detection and the image fusion model based on Full Lambda Schedule should be adopted when using this method to identify surface cracks. Surface subsidence and subsidence coefficient can be obtained through fitting and correcting the remote sensing elevation value of UAV, which shows that the remote sensing technology can be used to monitor coal mining-induced surface subsidence. The number of surface cracks in the fully-mechanized coal mining face is large, and they are vertical in the direction of extraction roughly; while the number of surface cracks near the face opening and crossheading is small, and they are parallel to the face opening and crossheading roughly.