全球特提斯域煤系烃源岩发育特征及其控制因素

特提斯域构造活动背景控制下发育一系列煤系烃源岩发育盆地，且环太平洋带古近纪和新近纪煤多以“富氢”为特征，生烃潜力巨大，这一类煤系是我国东南沿海含油气盆地重要的烃源岩，因此，对特提斯背景下的煤系烃源岩发育特征及其控制因素进行系统总结尤为重要。通过系统分析特提斯域煤系烃源岩的发育时代、环境、地球化学特征及生物标志化合物特征，归纳总结影响煤系烃源岩发育的控制因素，明确煤系烃源岩的有利发育条件及优质源岩形成的控制因素。结果表明:特提斯域控制下的煤系烃源岩主要发育于东南亚沿海地区拉张背景下的盆地，多发育于断陷时期的海陆过渡相沉积环境，发育年代与特提斯构造活动时期吻合；煤系烃源岩发育受古植物、古环境、岩相古地理、陆源有机质供给、构造活动强度、沉积–沉降速率等多因素共同控制，各因素相互联系，相互影响，将其归纳为母源因素、构造–沉积因素及保存因素3类；富含壳质组和富氢镜质体的植物类型是富氢煤形成的必要母源条件，有利的聚煤环境及稳定构造背景是煤系烃源岩大规模发育的关键因素，合适的水体条件和还原环境是有机质得以保存的重要因素；我国东南沿海盆地煤系烃源岩生烃潜力巨大，东海盆地西湖凹陷煤系富含树脂体，珠江口盆地煤系富含孢子及花粉，琼东南盆地发育广泛的煤系泥岩，勘探前景巨大。 

Development characteristics and controlling factors of coal-measure source rocks in the global Tethys region

Under the control of tectonic activity in the Tethys region, a series of basins with coal measure source rocks developed, and the Tertiary coal in the circum Pacific belt is characterized by "hydrogen-rich" and has great hydrocarbon generation potential.This type of coal measure strata is an important source rock in petroliferous basins along the southeast coast of China.Therefore, it is particularly important to systematically analyze the development characteristics and controlling factors of coal measure source rocks under the Tethys background. Based on the systematic analysis of the development age, environments, geochemical characteristics and biomarker characteristics of the coal measure source rocks in the Tethys region, the controlling factors affecting the development of the coal-measure source rocks are summarized, and the favorable development conditions and controlling factors of high-quality coal-measure source rocks are clarified. The research results show that the coal-measure source rocks under the control of the Tethyan region are mainly developed in the basins under the extensional background of the coastal areas of Southeast Asia, mostly in the marine-terrestrial transitional facies sedimentary environment during the rifting period, and the development age is consistent with the period of Tethys tectonic activity.The development of coal-measures source rocks is controlled by many factors, such as paleovegetation, paleoenvironment, lithofacies paleogeography, terrigenous organic matter supply, tectonic activity intensity, sedimentation rate and so on. The factors are interrelated and influence each other, which can be divided into three types: parent source factor, tectonic-sedimentation factor and preservation factor.The plant types rich in the chitinous and hydrogen-rich vitrinites are the necessary parent source conditions for the formation of hydrogen-rich coal. The favorable coal accumulation environment and stable tectonic background are the key factors for the large-scale development of coal measure source rocks. Appropriate water conditions and reduction environment are important factors for the preservation of organic matter. The coal measure source rocks in the southeast coastal basins of China have great hydrocarbon generation potential. The coal measure source rocks are rich in resin in the Xihu Sag of the East China Sea basin, the coal measure source rocks are rich in spores and pollen in the Pearl River Mouth Basin, and the coal measure mudstone is widely developed in Qiongdongnan Basin, which has great exploration prospect.