采煤对松散含水层地下水扰动影响规律及评价指标——以神东补连塔井田为例

针对采煤对松散含水层地下水扰动程度评价方法适用性不足等问题，以神东补连塔井田为研究背景，通过分析采煤对地下水动力场的影响规律，得出矿井水（矿井排水与采空区储水）的形成是导致大气降水、地表水与地下水转化关系和转化量发生改变的主要原因；并从松散含水层生态水位变化、含水层损伤以及水量损失的角度，提出了采煤对地下水扰动程度的3个评价指标，结果显示，截至2012年补连塔井田松散含水层地下水生态水位扰动指标基本均大于1，采扰比达92%，说明采煤对生态水位影响较大；由于采动裂隙直接发育至松散含水层内部，导致井田范围内8%面积的含水层完全损伤而失去地下水调蓄能力；而在重复利用矿井水并开发地下水库储水功能的条件下，补连塔矿地下水量损失减少至8.5%，说明矿井水的充分利用对减少地下水资源损失意义重大。 

Study on influence rules and evaluation criteria of groundwater affected by mining in unconsolidated aquifers in Shendong Bulianta coal mine

The evaluation method of groundwater affected by mining in unconsolidated aquifers cannot be applied in Shendong coal mining area. Aimed at this problem, the paper has taken Bulianta coal mine as an example, analyzed the influence rules of groundwater hydrodynamic field affected by mining. It is concluded that mine water is the main factor causing the change of the relationship among atmospheric precipitation, surface water and groundwater. Then three evaluation criteria were put forward to evaluate the influence rules on groundwater affected by mining from the aspects of ecological water level and the failure of unconsolidated aquifers and the groundwater loss. The results show that the disturbance criteria of groundwater ecological water level in unconsolidated aquifers in Bulianta coal mine are almost more than one by 2012 and the ratio of mining to disturbance reaches up to 92%, which means mining has a great damage to the ecological water level. The cracks caused by mining develop directly in the unconsolidated aquifers, so that 8% of the aquifers are completely destroyed leading to lack of groundwater storage capacity. Because of the reuse of mine water, the groundwater loss is reduced to 8.5%, indicating that the utilization of mine water is an effective measure to reduce groundwater loss.