黄土塬区半规则束状观测系统的研究与应用

吕梁山脉中段西部黄土塬区，其浅表层地震地质条件极其复杂，常规规则束状观测系统难以取得有效波地震记录，考虑采集因素和施工特点，决定采用沟中激发、较少炮数、较多接收道数、较多排列线数、颇具灵活性的半规则束状观测系统。在实地踏勘和试验的基础上，利用采集软件对所获得的地震采集参数进行多次论证，以调整排列片的大小及炮点位置，合理编排放炮顺序，确保各目的层有效覆盖次数满足设计要求，同时兼顾资料处理和施工是否方便。实例表明：该区采用的半规则束状观测系统较好地解决了CDP分布以及资料完整性问题，处理后的剖面，其煤层反射波同相轴连续性较好，信噪比较高，主要目的层波组反射特征明显，可连续对比追踪，达到了采集目标的要求。

Research and Application of Semi-inerratic Bunchy Field Setup System in Loess Tableland

Surface and near-surface seismic-geologic condition is very complex in the loess tableland of western middle sector of the Luliang Mountains, conventional inerratic bunchy field setup system is hard to get effective wave seismic record, considering acquisition factors and operation peculiarity, decided to use shot in ravines, less shots, more receiving traces and spread lines, flexible semi-inerratic bunchy field setup system. Based on site reconnaissance and testing, multiple justifications carried out for obtained seismic acquisition parameters by the use of acquisition software, to adjust spread patches, arrange shotpoint position and shooting sequence in reason to ensure each target stratum effective fold to satisfy designed requirements, meanwhile pay attentions to both data processing and operation convenience. Examples demonstrated： The semi-inerratic bunchy field setup can solve CDP distribution and data integrity better, sections after processing have better coal seam reflection wave phase axis continuity, higher S/ N ratio, main target wave group reflection features obvious, can correlate and trace continuously and satisfying target-oriented acquisition requirements.