合山煤田矿井水害防治措施探讨

合山煤田是典型的岩溶充水矿床．矿井开采水害严重。煤层的直接顶、底板为碳酸盐岩类，岩溶极为发育，为矿井的直接充水含水层；煤层底部的茅口组为强岩溶含水层，与煤系地层的联系密切，为间接充水含水层；位于煤田两侧的红河水是矿井充水最主要的补给水源。断裂、节理和破碎带等通道是矿井充水的主要通道。通过分析井下突水点的发育特征，认为强岩溶导水带是矿井突水的关键部位，防治矿井水害的重点是切断岩溶导水带，对强导水带进行封堵，防止红水河的侧向补给，对四煤底板灰岩进行加固。总结出地面防治的主要方法为帷幕式、截堵式、堵水点式和地面铺盖式。对井下防治水，提出了有疑必探，先探后掘，设置防水闸门、防水墙，实行分层、分区开采，加强井下排水等防治措施。

Discussion on Coalmine Water Disaster Control in Heshan Coalfield

The Heshan coalfield is typical karstic water filling deposit; water disaster is serious during coal mining. Coal seam direct roof and floor are all carbonate rocks with very developed karst, thus the direct mine water filling aquifers. The Maokou Formation beneath coal measures is a strong karstic aquifer, closely related with coal measures strata, is an indirect water filling aquifer. The Hongshui River on the west side of coalfield is main mine water replenishment source, while faults, joints and fracture zones are main karstic water channels. Through underground water burst position development character analysis, considered that the strong karstic water conduct zone is the key position of mine water bursting. Emphases to control mine water disaster is to cut and plug back strong karstic water conduct zone, prevent Hongshui River lateral replenishment, consolidating No.4 coal seam floor limestone. Summed up main controlling methods have concrete curtaining, plugging and blocking, water point shutting off and surface covering. Put forward measures of doubting and exploring, exploring then mining, water proof door and dam setting, slice and sectional mining, strengthening underground drainage etc.