兴文地质公园小岩湾天坑地貌地质成因分析及其发展预测

兴文地质公园小岩湾天坑是喀斯特作用形成的塌陷天坑地貌。天坑可视为一个完整的耗散结构系统,从物质与能量输入输出的角度,运用层次分析法定量分析天坑地质成因的各项因素,能计算出各因素对天坑成因的相对重要性。经分析,小岩湾天坑形成的主要因素有岩层岩性、构造运动、气候、生物和水文地质条件。其中厚层石灰岩和构造裂隙是天坑喀斯特地貌形成的物质基础;温度、气压、降水和生物作用对天坑系统进行物质输入,水的运动和新构造运动对天坑系统进行物质与能量输出,根据层次分析法得出目前天坑系统以输出为主、天坑后期地貌为溶蚀盆地。

Genesis and Developmental Trend of Landforms in the Xiaoyanwan Tiankeng,Xingwen Geopark

This paper regards the Xiaoyanwan Tiankeng as a complete system of dissipative structure,analyzing geological factors in terms of material and energy input-output,making quantitative analysis of various factors by hierarchy process and calculating relative importance of various factors.Major factors responsible for the Tiankeng are rock character,geologic structure,tectogenesis,climate,living things and hydrology.Thick-bedded limestone and structural crack are material base which determines general configur...