我国稀土铌钽矿物学研究回顾与展望

作为高新技术原料用的稀土铌钽是国家发展的支柱之一， 稀土铌钽矿物学研究在与国家的技术进步同步前进。 通过研究，已经获得了我国产出的全部百余种稀土铌钽矿物的化学组成、物理性质、稀土配 分、结晶参数、共生组合和产状成因的全面系统的鉴定描述成果；发现了多种稀土铌钽新物，并提出许多新规律和新理论，建立了易解石和褐钇铌矿两个新的矿物族；确定了稀土铌钽铁锰钨的复杂氧化物的晶体结构关系；确立变生矿物学为矿物学研究的一个特殊分支，探讨了稀土次生富集的离子型稀土矿成矿机理。

RE-Nb-Ta Mineralogical Investigations in China

Up to the present day more than one hundred RE Nb Ta mineral species are known in China. Most of their properties, such as chemical compositions, physical and optical properties, X ray diffraction data, occurrences and mineral associations, have been described in detail. Majority of these minerals are widespread and a few of them are less common or very rare. These phenomena reveal the special geological conditions and metallogeneses of RE, Nb Ta in China. The main scientific achievements on RE, Nb Ta mineralogy in China are summarized as follows: Considerable amount of new mineral species of RE, Nb Ta have been discovered, such as huanghoite, cebaite and zhonghuacerite of fluorocarbonates, ashanite, qitianlingite and changbaiite of oxides, fergusonite (Ce), fergusonite (Nd), fergusonite beta (Ce), and fergusonite beta (Nd) of tantalo niobates, aeschynite (Nd), nioboaeschynite (Ce) and nioboaeschynite (Nd) of meta titano tantalo niobates, monazite (Nd) of phosphates, daqingshanite of phosphates carbonates, hingganite, baotite and saimaite of silicates. The morphotropic series of rare earths alkaline earths fluoro carbonate minerals have been discovered and established. The isomorphous series of Na Ca Sr RE fluorocarbonate minerals was also discovered, and the regularities of isovalent and heterovalent cation isomorphism was proved. Through a detailed investigation of meta RE Ti niobate minerals the regularity of double isomorphism was established and proved. Two mineral groups, aeschynite and fergusonite, have been established and developed. The concentration regularity of odd number light RE in the Bayun Obo Deposit was discovered. The crystal structure relationship between complex oxide minerals of Nb, Ta, Fe, Mn and W, such as columbite tantalite, ixiolite, wolframoixiolite, wodginite and qitianlingite were clarified. Based on a detailed study of the metamict minerals the metamict mineralogy has been established as a branch of mineralogy. The regularity of secondary enrichment of rare earth in the weathering surface of granite bodies has been found. The RE Nb Ta ore deposits of ion type and their metallogenic model have been worked out. The Chinese geologists and mineralogists have much to do in RE, Nb and Ta mineralogy and they will gain important achievements in the future.