不同类型海岸带海水入侵数值模拟研究进展

海水入侵作为一个全球化的问题,正随着沿海地区对地下淡水需求的增加而不断加剧,其不断发展引起地下水水质恶化、土壤盐渍化等一系列生态环境问题。海水入侵的相关研究既具有重要的理论意义,对沿海地区的可持续发展也有重要的实际价值,因此逐渐成为了国际研究的热点。随着数值计算方法及计算平台的不断发展,数值模拟方法已经成为研究海水入侵问题最有效的工具之一。文章总结归纳了多种海岸带类型的划分方法与标准,从海岸带水文地质学的角度将海岸带概括为松散岩类和基岩类两大类,并将其含水介质分别概化为等效多孔介质和裂隙岩溶介质。在此基础上,分析阐述这两类含水介质海水入侵的数值模拟方法及其适用性,对当前海水入侵数值模拟方法进行了较为全面的概括。此外,对海水入侵数值模拟方法的发展方向及趋势进行了展望,指出考虑密度变化的过渡带模型和离散—连续介质耦合模型将成为今后研究中的重点发展方向。

Advances in Numerical Simulation of Seawater Intrusion in Different Coastal Zones

Seawater intrusion is a global issue, exacerbated by increasing demands for freshwater in coastal zones. The development of seawater intrusion has caused a series of ecological issues such as deteriorating groundwater quality and soil salinization. The research on seawater intrusion not only has important theoretical significance, but also has important practical value for the sustainable development of the coastal zones. Therefore, it is becoming more and more prominent in international research. With the development of numerical methods and computational platforms, numerical simulation has become one of the most effective tools for studying seawater intrusion problems. This paper summarizes the classification methods and standards of coastal zone types. From the perspective of coastal hydrogeology, the coastal zones are divided into loose rocks and bedrock, which are generalized as equivalent porous media and fracture-karst media. On this basis, the numerical simulation methods and their applicability of seawater intrusion on the two kinds of media are analyzed. The current numerical simulation methods of seawater intrusion are comprehensively summarized. In addition, the development direction of the numerical simulation methods of seawater intrusion are discussed. Besides, it is pointed out that the transition band model with variable density and the discrete-continuum model will be the direction in further research.