纳米矿物及其环境效应

纳米矿物作为连接原子/分子和块体矿物材料的桥梁，在建立矿物微观反应机制和宏观现象的研究中具有重要的意义.随着纳米地质学的迅速发展，纳米矿物在地表环境中的分布、存在形式及其反应活性引起了越来越多关注.综述了天然环境中常见的纳米矿物的成因、存在方式、特殊的尺寸效应、团聚行为、生物/非生物界面反应的分子机制，及其对地表环境和元素生物地球化学循环的影响；着重介绍了具有重要环境意义的纳米矿物与其对应的大尺寸矿物颗粒在吸附行为、溶解速率、团聚状态、催化活性、界面电子传递效率等方面的差异.对于纳米矿物与其对应的宏观矿物晶体之间差异的研究，有助于全面认识矿物对各种地质过程的作用，对于推动地球科学向更加微观和深入的方向发展具有极其重要的意义. 

Nanominerals and Their Environmental Effects

Nanominerals are the bridge to link atoms/molecules to bulk materials and therefore important for investigating microscopic mechanisms of macroscopic phenomena involving minerals. With rapid development of nanogeosciences, more and more studies have been made on the origin, distribution, and reactivity of nanominerals in natural environment. In this paper, the origin, size-dependent properties, aggregation behavior, biotic and abiotic interfacial reactions of common naturally occurring nanominerals, as well as their impacts on biogeochemical cycles of elements, are summarized. Specifically, the special adsorption capacity, dissolution rate, aggregation state, catalytic activity, and redox reactivity of environmental related nanominerals are discussed in detail. It is of particular importance to study the different properties and relativities between nanominerals and their bulk counterparts for completely understanding the roles of minerals in various geological processes, which can promote the studies in geosciences at molecular scale.