试论月球科学与类地行星研究的学科属性

我国月球探测一期工程获国家批准立项和“嫦娥一号”卫星成功发射及运行这一历史性事件标志着我国已继人造地球卫星、载人航天阶段之后，开始进入人类航天活动的第三领域——深空探测。无疑此时探讨人类这一伟大社会实践活动的自然科学意义，特别是深空探测对象的科学内涵具有重要的现实意义。随着相关技术的开发、创新和成熟，工作重点将逐渐转移到深空探测对象本身的科学研究上来，即认识地球之外的行星体以及更深刻地重新审视地球。本文讨论了现阶段深空探测对象——月球及类地行星的基本物质属性，回顾美国和前苏联两国探月计划实施历史的启示，Apollo计划的演变．科学内容的纳入及宇航员地学素养的要求，Apollo登月计划的实施对月球科学本身的促进，以及对20世纪地球科学发展、人才队伍建设和分析技术进步等的重大影响，总结了前苏联探月计划的成败及其教训，并对我国月球探测工程立项历史等方面进行了分析。在此基础上，论述了月球科学及类地行星研究的地球科学属性，并强调指出地球科学家应将月球及整个类地行星研究纳入到地球系统科学的框架之中。

On the discipline attribution of lunar science and terrestrial planetary study

The successful launch of the Chang'e lunar orbit spacecraft is the third milestone in the development of space science in China after the launch of satellites and the manned space flights. It is expected that scientific researches of the lunar and terrestrial planetary explorations will attract much more attention, which, in turn, will greatly promote earth sciences from a unique and global view. We also review the histories of the lunar exploration conducted by the United States and the former Soviet Union, demonstrating the intimate relationship between earth sciences and the lunar explorations and the key roles of earth scientists in the lunar missions. It is obvious that lunar and terrestrial planetary sciences belong to the scope of earth sciences. It is the obligation for earth scientists to be involved in the lunar and planetary explorations.